Transcript Document
Adaptive Automation P.A. Hancock Presentation for the Class of 2007 Human Factors II EXP 6257 February 1st, 2007 Department of Psychology s Institute for Simulation and Training University of Central Florida Orlando, FL 32826 “Fitts List” Human surpass machine is the: Machines surpass humans in the: What is Adaptive Automation? Levels of Automation (after Sheridan) Management by Consent MBC, Management by Exception MBE Supervisory control as related to direct manual control and full automation Hierarchical nature of supervisory control Multiloop model of supervisory control 1. Task is observed directly by human operator’s own senses. 2. Task is observed indirectly through artificial sensors, Computers and displays. This TIS feedback interacts with that from within HIS and is filtered or modified. 3. Fig. 9.6.11. Multiloop model of supervisory control Task is controlled within TIS automatic mode. 4. Task is affected by the process of being sensed. 5. Task affects actuators and in turn is affected 6. Human operator directly affects task by manipulation. 7. Human operator affects task indirectly through a controls interface, HIS/TIS computers and actuators. This control interacts with that from within TIS and is filtered or modified. 8. Human operators gets feedback from within HIS, in editing a program, running a planning model, etc. 9. Human operator orients him or herself relative to control or adjusts control parameters. 10. Human operator orients him or herself relative to display or adjusts displays parameters. Effects of interface design, S-R compatibility, and feedback on automation usage Five supervisor functions as nested loops Plan Teach Monitor Intervene Learn Summary of concepts related to automated flight-decks and pilot workload A Paradox Associated with Perceived Animacy A paradox associated with perceived animacy. Automated systems that have high autonomy and authority but low observability appear to behave as if they are animate agents capable of activities independent of the operator. However, such systems are deterministic, and their behavior is predictable if one has complete and available knowledge of how the system works, complete recall of the past instructions given to the system, and total awareness of the situation and environmental conditions. Human vs Robot Stages of development of telerobotics Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) The design of the first known robot in recorded history 1495 Helicopter powered by four men (which would not have worked since the body of the craft would have rotated) and a light hang glider which could have flown.On January 3, 1496 he unsuccessfully tested a flying machine he had constructed John Dee (1527-1608) Rabbi Judah Loew, The Maharal of Prague (1525-1609) Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Kepler's elliptical orbit for Mars John Louis von Neumann 1903-1957 Theories of Self-reporting Automata, 1966 Norbert Wiener(1894-1964) The impact of “the automatic age” on our moral lives.