Transcript Slide 1

PP6: Laboratory of Hydrology and
Water Resources Management
Efi Georgiou
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Objectives of PP6:
 Contribution to the reconstruction of the hydrological cycle in the
CADSES Region on a GIS frame and estimation of water budgets
 Identification of the appropriate methodologies for the awareness and
the Management of Natural risks
 Analysis of the water resources management of the Ionia Islands under
extreme situations (flood and drought events)
 Training courses for technical personnel
 Installation and operation of the Telemetric hydro-meteorological
stations and the monitor of extreme events in real time.
 Contribution to the development of a common and homogeneous data –
base for the CADSES area
 Planning of possible extensions of the project to other European areas
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Study Area: Kefalonia Island
The island of Kefalonia is the
biggest of the Ionian Islands
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General Description of Kefalonia
 The total area of the island is 808 Km2
 Geographically the island is split into two districts, the east which is
intensely mountainous and the much smaller west which is mainly hilly
 The maximum elevation is 1628 m
 The coasts of Kefalonia form many bays and land masses
 Of particular interest are the caves of the island, for example the
precipitous Melissani, Agalaki, Saint Theodoron, Zervati, Drogarati, Sakou,
etc
 The climate of Kefalonia is Mediterranean with high relative humidity and
great annual and monthly precipitation
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 The mean annual precipitation of Kefalonia is 1000 mm
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ACTION 2.6
Extension of the drought bulletin and thematic maps, defined in
the INTERREG IIC framework only for the objective 1 Italian
regions, to the CADSES area and development of the statistical
drought forecas.
Month of start
Month of end
01/2006
12/2007
 PP6 contributes to this action by creating thematic maps for the
Kefalonia Island with the use of GIS
 PP6 has collected and elaborated all the available meteorological data
of the study area and has selected some indicative draught indices
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Thematic map
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Draught indices
1.
in which: Pε and Τε the mean
Dry index of De Martone
annual precipitation and air
I   (  10)
2.
temperature and Pξ and Τξ the
precipitation
Dry index of Pinna
temperature
I  1 2  (P /(  10)  (12  P /(T  10)
3.
Reconnaissance Drought Index, RDI
12
a0
(i )

P
j 1
, i  1(1)N and
12
 PET
j 1
ij
j  1(1)12
air
the
driest
of
month
in which Pij and PETij are the
precipitation
ij
and
and
potential
evapotranspiration of the jth
month of the ith year, starting
from
October
as
it
is
customary for Mediterranean
countries.
N
is
the
total
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number of years of the data
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ACTION 2.7
Review of the existing hydro-meteorological data for the area
interested by the project. Definition of common and efficient
techniques for the hydro-meteorological analysis and
interpretation of data coming from different but
complementary sources.
Month of start
Month of end
04/2006
12/2007
 PP6 contributes to this action by organizing the Conference of
HydroCare on 18-19/1/07 in Athens
1st day: the internal part - the assembly of partners (technical/financial)
2nd day: dissemination conference & workshop in the afternoon
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ACTION 2.9
Purchase,
installation
and
operation
of
Telemetering
hydrometeorological stations for monitoring of extreme
phenomena in real time. Related training activities.
Month of start
Month of end
04/2006
12/2007
 PP6 contributes to this action by helping PP7 to purchase, install and
operate 3 telemetering hydrometeorological stations for the monitoring of
meteorological data
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Each one of the stations is equipped with sensors that monitor the
weather conditions (precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, wind
and radiation), the data logger for the data recording, the transmission
system, and finally the energy supply unit
Sensors of a hydro-meteorological station
1. Anemometer and windvane
2. Pyrheliometer
3. Pyranometer
4. Solar panel
5. Air temperature sensor
6. Radiometer
7. Data logger
8. Secondary rain-gauge
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9. Primary rain-gauge
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The sitting of the stations was based on the following
criteria:
 Meteorological, as the low barometric systems arrive from west, southwest and north-west direction
 Elevation, to record the increased amounts of precipitation in high-land
areas
 Security, accessibility and infrastructure facilities
 Topographical, according to the World Meteorological Organization
(WMO) regulations (The stations are placed on land with even slopes, far from
trees or buildings and relieved from local atmospherical turbulences)
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The effectiveness of the rainfall measuring stations depends on the quality
and kind of the instruments, but moreover on the correct placement of the
stations
Kefalonia Island was separated in
three different hypsometrical zones:
• Zone A: 0-200 m
• Zone B: 200-500 m
• Zone C: >500 m
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Final selection of three meteorological stations
For
the
investigation
of
events in a local scale, each
station must cover an area
of 10 km2 at maximum
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Installation of three meteorological stations
1. Argostoli
2. Mountain Ainos
3. Monastery Themata
From the beginning of December 2006, the three aforementioned
hydrometeorological stations started to operate and all the data
have been collected and entered in a Data Base
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Design of Data Base
The main aspects considered in the design of the data base were the
following:
(a) Data reliability, integrity and availability
(b) Data security and database performance
(c) Friendly user interface
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Data Manipulation and Processing
Stage 2
Stage 1
ASCII files
Primary
timeseries
Stage 3
Derived
timeseries
Time consistency
check
Storing of raw
data
Formation of
primary timeseries
Automatic
checking
Report file
Range check –
detection of
false
measurements
Formation of
derived
timeseries
Updating of
final users
The ASCII files from the stations data loggers are transmitted and stored
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to the main server, via mobile telephonic network
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The processing of point measurements includes
the following procedures:
 Range and time consistency checks
 Conversion of irregular to a strictly regular time step
 Detection of missing or false values
 Aggregation and generation of derived time series
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ACTION 2.10
Reconstruction of the hydrological cycle in the NUTS II region
GR22 on a GIS frame.
Month of start
Month of end
07/2006
06/2007
 PP6 contributes to this action by reconstructing the hydrological
cycle of the Kefalonia Island. From the beginning of this action
until now PP6 has calculated the annual and monthly water
balances in the selected water basins of the island.
 Till the end of the action, PP6 will reconstruct hydrological cycle
on a GIS frame
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Main Watersheds
 Determination
of
the
four
representative water basins of the
island
 Definition
of
hydrological
parameters for every watershed
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River Network
 Determination
of
water
networks
 Definition of characteristics
of water network for every
watershed
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Water Balances
 Estimation of all the necessary parameters of the water balances
 Calculation of annually and monthly water balances
 Estimation of annually and monthly outflows of every basin
Ετήσιες τιμές βροχόπτωσης, πραγματικής και δυνητικής εξατμισοδιαπνοής της Λεκάνης
Αγίας Ευφημίας
1800.0
Βροχόπτωση
1600.0
Πραγματική Εξατμισοδιαπνοή κατά
TURK
Ετήσια Απορροή - Λεκάνη Σάμης
Πραγματική εξατμισοδιαπνοή κατά
COUTAGNE
1000.0
Δυνητική Εξατμισοδιαπνοή κατά
Penman-Monteith
3.50
Δυνητική Εξατμισοδιαπνοή κατά
Thornthwaite
3.00
600.0
400.0
Πραγματική Εξατμισοδιαπνοή κατά
OL' DEKOP Penman-Montieth
200.0
Πραγμαμτική Εξατμισοδιαπνοή κατά
OL' DEKOP Thornthwaite
1.50
1.00
0.50
1997-98
1996-97
1995-96
1994-95
1993-94
1992-93
1991-92
1990-91
1989-90
1988-89
1987-88
1986-87
1985-86
1984-85
1983-84
1982-83
1981-82
1980-81
1979-80
1978-79
1977-78
1976-77
1975-76
1974-75
1973-74
1972-73
0.00
1971-72
Υδρολογικό έτος
2.00
1970-71
0.0
2.50
3
800.0
Απορροή [m /s]
1200.0
1970-71
1971-72
1972-73
1973-74
1974-75
1975-76
1976-77
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
1981-82
1982-83
1983-84
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
Ρ, Ε, Ερ [mm]
1400.0
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Υδρολογικό έτος
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ACTION 3.9
Collection, analysis and elaboration of the existing hydrological
data of the NUTS II region GR22 (Ionian islands). Identification of
appropriate methodologies for the assessment and management of
the natural risks.
Month of start
Month of end
01/2006
12/2006
 PP6 contributes to this action with the collection, analysis and
elaboration of the existing hydrological data of Argostoli Station (capital
of Kefalonia island) and many other stations that are located near to the
island and have similar climate conditions
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Data Collection
 Collection, analysis and elaboration of the
existing
hydrological
data
such
as
precipitation, air temperature, humidity,
wind speed etc.
 Collection, analysis and elaboration of the
existing groundwater data
 Creation of a data-base
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Data Analysis
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 Control of homogeneity and completion
of historical data that present lacks
 Estimation
correlation
of
the
 Areal integration
temperatures
factor
of
of
cross-
rainfalls
and
 Correlation of rainfall with altitude
Correlation of rainfall with altitude
180.0
y = 1.1751x + 3.5465
160.0
140.0
R2 = 0.99
250.0
200.0
120.0
100.0
Rainfall
ARGOSTOLI
Cross correletion between Argostoli and Araxos
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
150.0
y = 0.076x + 143.37
100.0
50.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
ARAXOS
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
800.0
Altitude
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ACTION 4.1
Investigation of the relationship of hydro-meteorological data with
the water resources in main Ionian Islands. Analysis of the water
resources management of the islands under extreme situations
(flood and drought events)
Month of start
Month of end
08/2006
09/2007
 PP6 contributes to this action by analyzing the water resources of the
catchments under i) Average conditions & ii) Drought conditions
 Till the end of this action, PP6 will contribute by performing statistical
analysis to the meteorological parameters (precipitation, temperature)
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Objective
The objective is to map the surface water resources as long as the
groundwater aquifers in terms of quantity and quality, to trace the
technical and geomorphological difficulties that are predominant on the
island and to suggest ways to overcome all potential problems.
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Surface water resources
There are two detention basins
for water supply and irrigation,
but generally the exploitation of
surface water of the island is
limited
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Hydrogeological status of Kefalonia
 Geological substance consists of calcareous formations
 In the calcareous rock are generated aquifers
 The main feature is the karst phenomenon, which determines the
condition of the aquifers in the island
 Many hydrogeological units of
the island are open, from one or
more sites, to the sea
 The sea water penetrates in
the internal of the island in great
distance
 In many cases sweat water is
polluted by salty water
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ACTION 5.1
Organization of conferences and seminars during the project
duration to disseminate the obtained results. Preparation of
publications both in paper and multimedia formats. Development
and maintenance of a web-site containing all the information
regarding the project
Month of start
Month of end
01/2006
12/2007
 PP6 contributes to this action by organizing public events
 On 14/4/2006, PP6 in cooperation with PP7 organized a workshop
in Argostoli for the dissemination of HydroCare project and for the
discussion with local authorities the problem of water resources
management of Kefalonia Island
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Thank you for your attention!
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