Transcript Understanding Children

Understanding Children
Two and Three Year Olds
Terms to Know
• Language comprehension
• Expressive language
• Egocentric
• Gender roles
• Self – concept
2 year olds
Physical Development
• Gross motor development
– Improved coordination and body
control
– Can walk up and down stairs if they
place both feet on each stair
– Can jump several inches off the floor
– Can sit on a riding toy and move it by
pushing with their feet
Physical Development
• Fine motor development
– Can insert keys into a lock and turn
pages in a book one at a time
– Can hold scissors properly
– Hand preference is fairly developed
– At 24 months, kids can scribble
– Hold the crayon or pencil in their fist
– Can build with blocks
Physical Development
• Self – help skills
– Undress self
– Dress self by pulling on simple
garments
– Zipper usage
– Drink from a cup or glass
– Can use a spoon
– Potty training
Cognitive Development
• Language Comprehension Skills
– Understanding of language
– 2 year olds can understand and answer
routine questions (e.g. What is that?)
– Can tell difference between
soft/heavy, big/tall
Cognitive Development
• Expressive Language Skills
– The ability to produce language forms
– The child’s experiences affect the rate
and content
– Important to provide an environment that
stimulates language development
– Two language strategies
• Feeding – in: you provide child’s language
• Expansion: reframing child’s word into a
sentence
Cognitive Development
• Express language skills
– 50 to 200 word vocabulary
– Girls generally develop language skills
faster than boys
– Often use the word “no”
Cognitive Development
• Math Readiness Skills
– Developed as children interact with
others and with objects
– Begin to sort objects by shape and
color
Social – Emotional
Development
• Social development
– Children play next to each, but not
with each other
– More interested in adults than other
kids
– Act out adult experiences as they play
(driving, talking on the phone)
– Possessive; do not want to share
– Affectionate
Social – Emotional
Development
• Emotional development
– 2 year olds like to be able to control their
surroundings
– Doing a task too difficult for them may cause
anger
– Commonly develop fears (most often of being
harmed or hurt, or stem from their
imagination)
– Need regular routines to build trust and
security
– Need love and caring, despite their temper
When teaching 2 year olds
be prepared for:
– The word “no”… A LOT
– Egocentricity … they think you feel the
same way they day
– Dawdling … they go at their own pace
– Curiosity … especially with toys. Add
new items a few at a time.
– Temper tantrums … be calm and
composed.
3 year olds
Physical Development
• Gross motor
development
– Throwing, jumping
and hopping improve
due to better
coordination
– Can climb and
descend stairs easily
– Can ride and steer
tricycle
• Fine motor skills
– Cutting skills more
refined
– Can reproduce simple
shapes as they draw
– Can trace
– Enjoy drawing faces
that include a mouth,
eyes, nose and ears
that are not
proportional
Physical Development
• Self – help skills
– Daily care routines require little
assistance from adults
– Open buckles on clothes
– Put on shoes (without strings)
– Have trouble telling front from back
of clothing
– Most have almost full control of toilet
routines
Cognitive Development
• Able to solve simple problems
• Still egocentric
• Learn quickly
– Language comprehension, expressive
language, and math readiness skills
continue to improve
Cognitive Development
• Language comprehension skills
– Can remember and follow 3 part
instructions
– Understand pronouns such as you, they
– Space concepts become clearer
Cognitive Development
• Expressive language skills
– Children may use more than 900 words
– Start to use question words
(why/when)
– As children play, they frequently talk
out loud to themselves
Cognitive Development
• Math Readiness Skills
– Understand more/less/smaller/empty
– Like to compare objects
– Counting skills begin at this age
– Distinguish between one and many
Social – Emotional
Development
• Social development
– Eager to help others, especially adults
– Adjust to new people more easily
– Begin to play with other children
– Will share some
– Begin to learn gender roles
• Behaviors that are expected of girls and
boys
Social – Emotional
Development
• Emotional development
– Strong, visible emotions
– Eager to act in ways that please others
– Likely to become angry when things do not go
their way, but direct anger toward object
instead of person
– Developing a self – concept: the way they
see themselves
– Not as frightened by objects that they know,
but afraid of imagined dangers (dark)
– Fearful of pain
– Affectionate
Teaching 3 year olds:
• Eager to please
• Enjoy playing alone and in groups of
2 or 3
• Enjoy pretending to cook, shop
• Become increasingly independent
• Need encouragement to be
independent
Task Rotation
• You will be visiting 4 different
stations. You will have approximately
10 minutes at each station.
• After you complete the task at each
station, you will answer the following
questions on your own paper:
1. Which station are you at?
2. What task did you complete?
3. Does this task work on fine or gross
motor development?