Transcript Slide 1

 Define
“curriculum”,
 Identify different types of curricula,
 Identify the content structures of a curriculum,
 List different models of a curriculum,
 List different educational strategies.
 The
curriculum is the content or objectives for
which school hold students accountable.
 The curriculum is the set of instructional
strategies teachers plan to use.
A
curriculum is about what should happen in
a teaching program – about the intension of
the teachers and about the way they make
this happen.
 The curriculum in fact is
What the student learns
 How the student learns (strategy/s &
Learning/teaching tools)
 How the student assessed
 The learning environment
 Learning outcomes

 The
official curriculum: (The written
curriculum),
 The Operational Curriculum,
 Hidden Curriculum
1- Official curriculum : The curriculum described in
formal documents.
2- Operational curriculum : The curriculum embodied
in actual teaching practices and tests.
3- Hidden curriculum : Institutional norms and values
not openly acknowledged by teachers or school
officials.
 Outcome-Based
Education- What sort of
doctor is needed?
 Problem-Based Learning
 Task-Based Learning
 An Integrated system-based approach.
 Community-Based Education
A task is
‘an activity which required
learners to arrive at an
outcome from given
information through some
process of thought, and
which allowed teachers to
control and regulate that
process’.”
This type of format has only been around since about
the 1980s.
In this type of format, it is believed that early patient
contact is integral to the making of a "new" doctor.
These types of schools focus on getting their students
around patients from day one.
Another difference in the integrated medical school
format is the way the material is broken up. Many of
these schools choose to teach information by breaking it
up into body systems.
For the people who choose the integrated format, they
believe that it is easier to learn all about a body system
before moving on to the next one and breaking
information up into "categories."
In the schools that use the integrated format, there are
almost no formal lectures. Instead, students learn in
small groups.
Each group is presented with a clinical scenario that
they have to do research on and ultimately
teach/present to the class.
This often means that you are pushed to learn on your
own and to begin thinking the way working doctors do.
 The
discrete curriculum,
 The linear curriculum,
 The pyramidal structure, AND
 The spiral curriculum.
Goals and Objectives
• A goal or objective is defined as an
end toward which an effort is
directed. Goal - broad educational
objective, Objective – specific
measurable objective. Goals and
objectives are important because
they do the following:
o Help direct the choice of curricular
content
o Suggest what learning methods will
be most effective
o Enable evaluation of learners and
the curriculum
o Suggest what evaluation methods
are appropriate
o Clearly communicate to others
what the curriculum addresses and
hopes to achieve.
Educational Strategies
• Develop the educational
strategies by which the
curricular objectives will be
achieved. Educational
strategies involve both content
and methods.
• Provide the means by which
a curriculum’s objectives are
achieved
 Six
educational strategies have been
identified in relation to the curriculum in
medical schools.
 Each strategy can be represented as a
spectrum or continuum:
Student-centered/teacher-centered
 Problem-based/information-gathering
 Integrated/discipline-based
 Community-based/hospital-based
 Elective/uniform
 Systematic/apprenticeship-based

1-Student centered
• Teacher centered
 “What the student learn rather than what is taught"
2-Problem-based
• Information-oriented
3-Integrated or Inter-professional
• Subject or
Discipline-based
• Integration throughout the curriculum
4-Community-based
• Hospital-based
• Less emphasis on hospital-based
programs
5-Elective-driven
• Uniform
According to student needs
learning & teaching adjusted to the needs
of students
6- Systematic
• Opportunistic