Transcript Lecture#1: Energy Generation

Lecture#1: Energy Generation
Prof. Park
UTI-111
Essex County College
Force, Energy, and Power
• Force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s2)
• Energy (Joule) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
• Power (W) = Energy (Joule) / Time (s)
Forms of Energy
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Thermal Energy (heat)
Chemical Energy (Fuels or Batteries)
Kinetic Energy (Moving substances)
Electrical Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
Mechanical Energy
Nuclear Energy
Laws of Thermodynamics
• First Law of Thermodynamics: In any
transformation of energy from one form to
another, the total quantity of energy remains
unchanged. That is, energy is always conserved.
• Second Law of Thermodynamics: When we
convert energy from one form to another, the
useful output is never as much as the input. That
is, there is a limit to the efficiency of any heat
engine.
world consumption for most types of primary energy resources
Fuel type
Average power in TW[12]
1980
2004
2006
Oil
4.38
5.58
5.74
Gas
1.80
3.45
3.61
Coal
2.34
3.87
4.27
Hydroelectric
0.599
0.933
0.995
Nuclear
0.253
0.914
0.929
Geothermal, wind,
0.016
solar, wood
0.133
0.158
Total
15.0
15.8
9.48
2004 Worldwide Energy Sources
Existing Capacity by Energy Source
Energy Source
Coal[1]
Capacity
336,040
30.9%
62,394
5.7%
Natural Gas[3]
449,389
41.3%
Other Gases[4]
2,663
0.2%
105,764
9.7%
Hydroelectric Conventional[5]
77,644
7.1%
Wind
16,596
1.5%
503
0.0%
Wood and Wood Derived Fuels[6]
7,510
0.7%
Geothermal
3,233
0.3%
Other Biomass[7]
4,834
0.4%
Pumped Storage
20,355
1.9%
866
0.1%
1,087,791
100.0%
Petroleum[2]
Nuclear
Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic
Other[8]
Total
PSEG Energy Sources
• The electricity you consume comes from the
Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) power grid,
which receives power from a variety of power plants and
transmits electricity to meet the requirements of
customers throughout the region.
• Your electric supplier is responsible for generating and/or
purchasing electricity that is added to the power grid in
an amount sufficient to satisfy electric usage
requirements.
• Resources used to generate electricity fall into two
categories: Non-Renewable and Renewable Energy
Resources.
Non-Renewable Energy
• Non-Renewable Energy Resources are fossil fuels (gas,
oil and coal) which are burned to produce electricity, or
nuclear power.
• Among fossil fuels, natural gas is cleaner than coal. Coal
can be burned producing fewer emissions with extensive
investments in advanced pollution control equipment.
• Nuclear power produces electricity without
any CO2, NOx, or SO2 emissions. PSEG produces
power from gas, oil, coal and nuclear sources. PSEG
has made investments in advanced pollution control
equipment at its coal plants and operates state-of-the-art
natural gas facilities.
Non-Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy
• Air Emissions for CO2, NOx, and SO2 are presented as
a percent of the New Jersey Benchmark. The
benchmark is set at the average emissions performance
of all electric generating units in New Jersey.
• Approximately 50% of the electricity generated in New
Jersey comes from nuclear power. Nuclear power
produces electricity without CO2, NOx and SO2
emissions; therefore, New Jersey’s benchmark is low.
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is released when fossil fuels
(coal, oil and gas) are burned. Carbon dioxide, a
greenhouse gas, may contribute to global
warming. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) form when fossil fuels
and biomass are burned at high temperatures. They
contribute to ground-level ozone (or smog), and to the
formation of acid rain. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) is formed
when fuels containing sulfur, primarily coal and oil, are
burned. SO2 combines with water and oxygen in the
atmosphere to form acid rain.
PSEG Nuclear
MW
Location
Peach Bottom
2,224
Delta, PA
Salem
2,383
Hope Creek
1,219
Hancocks
Bridge, NJ
Hancocks
Bridge, NJ
PSEG Fossile
Fuel
MW
Location
Bergen
Natural Gas
1,246
Ridgefield, NJ
Bethlehem
Natural Gas
747
Bethlehem, NY
Bridgeport
Coal, Oil
529
Bridgeport Harbor, CT
Burlington
Gas, Oil
553
Burlington, NJ
Edison
Gas
504
Edison, NJ
Essex
Gas, Oil
617
Newark, NJ
Kearny
Gas
446
Kearny, NJ
Hudson
Coal, Gas, Oil
927
Jersey City, NJ
Linden
Gas
1,566
Linden, NJ
Mercer
Gas
751
Trenton, NJ
PSE&G Electric Distribution
Locations
•
•
•
•
•
Metropolitan Division Clifton, NJ
Palisades Division Secaucus, NJ
Central Division Somerset, NJ
Southern Division - Lawrenceville
Southern Division - Moorestown
PSE&G Gas Distribution Locations
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Audubon Gas Audubon, NJ 08106
Burlington Gas Burlington, NJ 08016
Clifton Gas Clifton, NJ 07011
East Jersey Gas Oakland, NJ 07306
New Brunswick New Brunswick, NJ 08903
Oakland Gas Oakland, NJ 07436
Oradell Gas Oradell, NJ 07649
Orange Gas East Orange, NJ 07017
Plainfield Gas Plainfield, NJ 07063
Summit Gas Summit, NJ 07901
Trenton Gas Lawrence Township, NJ 08648
Get Into Energy
• Careers in the energy industry are exciting and
lucrative.
• Plus, with over 10,000 positions becoming
available each year, there are plenty of
opportunities available.
• After you' ve had a chance to explore the array
of careers on the Get into Energy site, learn
more about how you can help your students in
the special Teachers/Guidance Counselors
section on the Center for Energy Workforce
Development' s web site.