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Limpopo River Basin Focal Project Improving Livelihoods by Improving Water Productivity, Access and Use Doug Merrey 2 September 2008 FANRPAN Regional Dialogue, Lilongwe Limpopo River Basin Focal Project Outline Limpopo Basin Project Goals and Structure The Team Partners Approach Preliminary Findings—Opportunities for Interventions Limpopo River Basin Focal Project Limpopo River Basin Focal Project Limpopo Basin Overview Area: 412,938 km2 Population: 14 million Percentage urban: 43 Percentage rural: 57 Percentage of population below poverty line: 56% Mean annual rainfall: 200-1,200 mm (average 530 mm) Climate: Ranges from tropical dry savanna and hot dry steppe to warm and cool temperate Contribution of agriculture to GDP in the basin: 6.5% Net irrigated area: 244,000 ha Land use: Crops, 234,000 ha; pasture, 1.78 million ha; forestry, 455,000 ha Multiple water uses: mining, urban, industry, tourism Institutional arrangement for managing water: Limpopo River Basin Commission [to be ratified] Environmental conservation areas: 2 Ramsar sites, important game parks, coastal areas Limpopo River Basin Focal Project The Team-1 FANRPAN and ARC-SA joint venture IWMI and GWP-SA* regional partners GWP and FANRPAN co-lead stakeholder consultations *Global Water Partnership-Southern Africa Limpopo River Basin Focal Project The Team-2 National universities: Botswana, Eduardo Mondlane (UEM, Mozambique), Pretoria, Zimbabwe and Malawi Mozambique Institute of Agricultural Research (IIAM) Team is large and diverse, but highly experienced and professional complemented by students Limpopo River Basin Focal Project Project Goals To identify agricultural water interventions whose implementation will reduce poverty and enhance food, health, and environmental security in the Limpopo Basin and beyond To identify gaps in knowledge about agricultural water management options in the basin requiring further research Limpopo River Basin Focal Project Work Packages (WP) & Lead Institutions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. WP 1 Water and Poverty- U. Malawi WP 2 Water Availability and Access- ARC WP 3 Water Productivity- IWMI WP 4 Institutional Analysis- FANRPAN Sec. WP 5 Interventions Packages- FANRPAN Sec. WP 6 Knowledge Management- ARC Limpopo River Basin Focal Project Research Approach Make use of existing data bases Build on outputs from CPWF and other ongoing research projects Use students strategically to fill gaps, provide analytical support Limpopo River Basin Focal Project Strategic interventions for the basin Identify possible intervention packages 2. Test through consultations with key stakeholders (managed jointly by GWP and FANRPAN) 3. Assess through case studies Stakeholder Consultation seen as central to success 1. Limpopo River Basin Focal Project A Methodological Innovation: The Intervention Matrix Intervention Package intervention (contributor) Associated Institutions Name of institution, contact info, links to related web sites or documents Infrastructure Technology Policies & Institutions New Knowledge Check any of the boxes below that apply Check boxes below that apply Check boxes below that apply Check boxes below that apply availability Treadle Pump Irrigation D Merrey IDE http://www.ideorg.org/ Kick Start http://www.kickstart.o rg Small Reservoirs CP 46 http://www.smallreservoi rs.org Catchment Management Forums DWAF http://www.dwaf.gov.z a productivity access avail prod acc avail prod acc XX XX Limpopo River Basin Focal Project XX avail prod acc Example: Application of the Intervention Matrix But RWH works only under certain conditions Limpopo River Basin Focal Project The “Black Hole” of Limpopo Basin Limpopo River Basin Focal Project Limpopo “Black Hole” From Kevin Scott, leader of water availability work package Serious Implications: Water going in does not come out—no outflow (Mozambique take notice!) Limited options for productive use of water— need irrigation but not much water available Rainwater harvesting probably not appropriate in the Black Hole! Would a massive upstream dam enable regulated year-round flows downstream? One option under investigation Limpopo River Basin Focal Project Huge Irrigation Potential in Mozambique Massingir Dam—Lower Limpopo irrigation potential is +/- 90,000 ha Chókwe Irrigation Scheme largest in Mozambique: rice, sugar cane, maize, vegetables, etc. Complex history, victim of colonial exploitation and impacts of civil war Presently low productivity, under-use, poverty Chókwe Main Canal Limpopo River Basin Focal Project Team Visit to Chókwe Recent team visit and stakeholder consultation demonstrated that getting policies, input and output markets, support systems, and institutional framework right would make very high agricultural productivity and poverty reduction possible Government now encouraging capital-intensive multi-national investments What is potential for supporting a prosperous smallholder-based agriculture? Limpopo River Basin Focal Project