Transcript Comparison of water Quality of Surface and subsurface

Water Quality Survey of Alternative Safe
Water Devices in Emergency Villages in
Jessore District
Md. Shamim Uddin
Senior Chemist
Asia Arsenic Network
Location of Jessore
Jessore
Number of Alternative Safe Water Options
and their Operational Status
Option
No. of
Types
Options
Operational
Status(Oct,05)
Dug Well
87
56 (64%)
Dug Well with Filter
20
20 (100%)
PSF
24
8 (33%)
PWSS
1
1(100%)
RWH
1
1 (100%)
Location of Alternative Safe water Options
in Emergency Response Villages
DW
PSF
PWSS
Introduce of Safe Water Option
Dug Well
Pond Sand Filter
Dug Well with Filter
Rain Water Harvester
Pipe Water Supply System Using Surface Water
Ecological Filter
Water Supply Tap
Supply Tank
Objectives
•
To know the water quality of surface and subsurface water based alternative safe water
options in the rainy season.
•
To compare the water quality between rainy
and dry season of dug wells.
Tested Water Quality Parameter and Methodology
Parameters
Equipment
Specification
Arsenic
AAS
Shimadzu AA-660
Iron
AAS
Shimadzu AA-660
Manganese
AAS
Shimadzu AA-660
Ammonium
Spectrophotometer
HACH: DR-2010
Turbidity
Spectrophotometer
HACH: DR-2010
Fecal Coliform
Membrane Filtration
M-FC Agar
Turbidity (Rainy Season)
Number of
Dugwells
56
Number of Dugwell and Turbidity Level
(NTU)
0~5
6 ~ 10
11 ~ 50
51 ~ 100
>100
17
11
20
7
1
Total
Contamination
28 (50%)
Excess Value of Bangladesh
Standard : NTU<10
25
0-5
6-10
11-50
20
51-100
>100
20
50%
17
15
11
10
NTU
0
Contaminted
7
5
Safe
1
0-5
6-10
50%
11-50 51-100 >100
Ammonium (Rainy Season)
Number of Dug Well and Ammonium
Level (mg/l)
Number
Dug Well
56
<0.1
0.10 ~
<0.64
0.64 ~
<1.50
1.50~
<5.00
>5.00
9
26
12
6
3
Total
Contamination
21 (38%)
Excess Value of Bangladesh
Standard : <0.64 mg/l
30
<0.1
0.11- <0.64
0.64- <1.50
1.51- <5.0
>5.00
26
38%
25
62%
20
15
10
12
9
Contaminted
3
5
mg/l
0
Safe
6
<0.1
0.11<0.64
0.64<1.50
1.51<5.0
>5.00
Iron (Rainy Season)
Number of dug Well and Concentration
range of Iron (mg/l)
Number
Dug Well
56
<0.1
0.10 ~
<0.30
0.30 ~
<1.00
1.00 ~
<3.00
>3.0
6
8
22
9
11
Total
Contamination
20 (36%)
Excess Value of Bangladesh
Standard : < 1.0 mg/l
mg/l
25
36%
22
64%
20
15
10
<0.1
0.10- <0.30
6
9
8
11
Safe
5
0.30- <1.00
1.00- <3.00
>3.0
0
<0.1
0.10<0.30
0.30<1.00
1.00<3.00
Contaminted
>3.0
Manganese (Rainy Season)
Number of dug Well and Concentration
range of Manganesse (mg/l)
Number
Dug Well
56
<0.1
0.10 ~
<0.40
0.40 ~
<0.70
0.70 ~
<1.00
>
1.00
Total
Contamination
9
25
9
5
8
47 (84%)
Excess Value of Bangladesh
Standard : < 0.1 mg/l
25
mg/l 25
16%
20
84%
15
10
<0.1
0.10- <040
0.40- <0.7
0.7- <1.0
>1.0
9
9
<0.1
0.10<040
0.40<0.7
0.7<1.0
Contaminted
Safe
5
5
0
8
>1.0
Arsenic (Rainy Season)
Number
Dug Well
Number of dug Well and Concentration
range of Arsenic (µg/L)
<10
11 ~
50
51 ~ 100
101 ~ 150
>150
Total
Contamination
33
20
2
0
1
3 (5%)
56
Excess Value of Bangladesh
Standard : < 0.1 µg/L
35
33
5%
30
95%
25
20
20
<10
15
Contaminted
10
Safe
10- <50
5
2
50- <100
100- <150
0
>150
<10
10<50
50<100
0
100<150
1
>150
Descriptive Statistic of Different Parameter of Water Quality
Between Rainy and Dry Season
Turbidity
Statistical
Parameter
Rainy
Ammonium
Iron
Manganese
Arsenic
Dry
Rainy
Dry
Rainy
Dry
Rainy
Dry
Rainy
Dry
21
16
1.04
3.31
2.04
1.24
0.487
0.398
17
15.8
10.5
0
0.455
0.245
0.703
0.436
0.304
0.296
9
5.5
0
0
0.02
0
0
0.023
0
0
1
0
129
94
8.5
79
16.79
8
9.809
3.44
1.875
217
263
Mean
Median
Minimum
Maximum
Water Quality Comparison between rainy and Dry Seasons in
Dugwell water
Mean Value
25
Rainy Season
Dry Season
20
15
10
5
0
Turbidity
Ammonium
Iron
Parameters
Manganese
Arsenic
• Comments
• The concentration of Arsenic, Iron, Manganese
and turbidity were found relatively high in rainy
season in Dugwell water.
•
The concentration of Ammonium was found
relatively low in Dugwell water in rainy season
Fecal Coliform (Rainy Season)
Number of dug Well and Fecal
Number
of Options
56
Contamination (cfu/100ml)
0
1~
10
11 ~ 50
51 ~
100
101 ~
500
>500
5
9
14
5
13
10
15
14
10
0
1-10
5
91%
13
10
9
5
5
11-50
51-100
101-500
>500
0
0
1-10
11-50
51 (91%)
9%
Excess Value of Bangladesh
Standard : < 10 cfu/100ml
cfu/100ml
Total
Contaminatio
n
51100
101500
>500
Contaminted
Safe
Relationship Between Fecal Coliform and Toilet Distance
Fecal Contamination
6000
4500
3000
1500
0
0
20
40
60
Toilet Distance (Feet)
80
100
Relationship Between Fecal Coliform and Cow-shed/
Wastage Storage Place
Fecal Coliform
6000
4500
3000
1500
0
0
20
40
60
Distance of Cow-shed
80
100
Bacteriological Contamination of Dugwell with Filter and Dug
Well with Exceeding Bangladesh Guideline Value
Parameter
Dug Well
Dugwell with Filter
Fecal Coliform
51 (91%)
13 (65%)
Number of Samples
56
20
100
80
60
40
91%
20
65%
0
%
Dugwell
Dugwell with Filter
Comparison of Fecal Coliform Between Dugwell
and Dugwell with Filter
40
Dugwell
Dugwell with Filter
35
% Dugwell
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
<1
1 ~ 10
11 ~ 50
51 ~ 100
Contamination Level
101 ~ 500
>500
Effect of Chlorination on Dugwell with Filter for reducing
Fecal Coliform
70
Chlorination
% of Dugwells
60
Sometimes Chlorination
Never Chlorination
50
40
30
20
10
0
<1
1~10
11~50
Contamination Level
51~100
>100
Water Quality of Pond Sand filter
Number
of PSF
Parameter
Arsenic
Manganese
8
Iron
Excess Value of
Bangladesh
Standard
0 (0%)
2 (25.0%)
0 (0%)
Ammonium
1 (12.5%)
Fecal Coliform
7 (87.5%)
Turbidity
0 (0%)
• Comments
• Dugwell and PSF were found highly fecal
contaminated, but Dugwell is more serious.
• We could not find out effectiveness of site selection of
Dugwell in this study.
• Sand filter seems effective to reduce the Fecal
contamination, but not enough.
• Chlorination is also necessary to produce
Bacteriological safe water for dugwell with filter as
well as PSF.