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TELEMATIC TEACHING PROJECT Settlement Geography [email protected] CONCEPTS SIZE & FUNCTION SMALL • • • • • • • • LARGE Isolated farmstead Hamlet Village Town City Metropolis Conurbation Megalopolis RURAL-URBAN DISTINCTION SETTLEMENTS RURAL URBAN SINGLE FUNCTIONAL MULTI FUNCTIONAL SECONDARY ACTIVITIES PRIMARY ACTIVITIES FARMING FISHING TERSIARY ACTIVITIES MINING FORESTRY INDUSTRIES SERVICES NUCLEATED & DISPERSED NB: PATTERN involves NUCLEATED and DESPERSED SETTLEMENTS NUCLEATED DISPERSED Buildings close to each other Buildings far apart NUCLEATED DISPERSED X X Settlements X One X X farmers land LO0SE patches of land FOREMAN manages NO independent DECISIONS Lives in VILLAGE Lots of TRAVELLING MEGANIZATION LARGE SINGLE farm Manages farm HIMSELF Independent DECISIONS Lives on FARM No TRAVELLING MEGANIZATION easy farm boundaries RURAL SETTLEMENT SHAPE ROUND Around central point CROSSROAD Where roads cross LINIAR Along road or river SITE Ground occupied by settlement. 5 BASIC NEEDS • Water • Arable land • Pasturage • Fuel • Building materials ARABLE LAND FUEL & BUILING MATERIAL Why are middle slopes preferred? NB IN SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE N O Too COLD in valley: INVERSIONS In evening R T H RIVER •Flooding •Mosquitoes •Disease Too COLD. Temp drops Increase in height S O U T H WARMEST RURAL DEPOPULATION RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION: Movement from rural to urban areas FACTORS PULL FACTORS PUSH FACTORS ATTRACT people to the cities FORCE people to the cities Better jobs Salaries Education Medical fac. Bright lights CONSEQUENCES TO CITY WHAT CAN BE DONE? Mechanization •Advertise town Low salaries •Recreation Droughts •Tourism Crime •Restore buildings Unemployment •Rural schools •Cheap Indus sites •Empty farmhouses •Crime (Farm murders) •Unemployment •Few new investments •Many old people •Few young men •Low value of properties •Shops close •Empty schools •Services below standard © A Hambly Deserted farmhouses © A Hambly Delapidated buildings CONSEQUENCES Shops close © A Hambly Farmers - ecotourism © A Hambly What can be done? •Adverteer dorp •Protesteer – verbypaaie •Goedkoop nywerheidsgebiede •Toerisme •Resoureer historiese geboue •Ontspanning •Lok afgetreedenes •Dorpies – saamwerk •Tuisnywerhede •Lok na platelandse skole What was done in Clarens to •Hou dorp netjies combat rural depopulation? © A Hambly What can be done in Riverside to combat rural depopulation? URBAN SETTLEMENT CENTRAL PLACE TOWN H S W W B Provides services to surrounding rural area W – Shop H – Hotel B – Bank S – School - Rural Settlements TRADE & TRANSPORT TOWNS Settlement Roads Break of bulk Gap town Deurgang From one type of transport to another Between mountains Break of bulk Junction Intersection of railways SEA Navigable river Railway Mountains SPECIALIZED CITIES Iron ore mine UNI S S UNI C S C University S School C College Holliday towns Settlements Has one dominant function like education, mining etc LINIAR SHAPE SHAPE CIRCLE STREET PLAN AT A MOUNTAIN GRID EVEN GROUND UBAN PROFILE HOUSING CBD FLATS INDUSTRIES HOTELS HOUSING INDUSTRIES •Expensive land •Competition •Intensive built •Cheaper land •Buildings horizontal •Vertical buildings DISTANCE FROM CBD Further you move from city centre, buildings become lower LAND USE ZONES CBD INDUSTRIES RETAIL Accessible Highest buildings High order functions Low order Functions Light industries Heavy industries Location factors Isolated stores Ribbon development Outlying business cen. Shopping Centre RESIDENTIAL High income - where Low income - where Informal settlements ZONE OF DECAY Edge of CBD Old buildings Functions mixed Urban renewal RURAL URBAN FR. Between urban & rural. Golf, Power stations, Cemeteries, airports . CBD CBD MOST ACCESSABLE REMEMBER Accessible High buildings Functions CBD REMEMBER Accessible High buildings High density Functions Traffic jams INDUSTRIES HEAVY INDUST FAR from CBD Closer to CBD REMEMBER Heavy Light Factors INDUSTRIES LOCATION Navig. river Labour Res areas Power Station Railway Main road MARKET (CBD) Airport Level Contours far ZONE OF DECAY REMEMBER •Just outside CBD •Mixed functions •Old buildings •Urban renewal •Expensive land URBAN BLIGHT Land valuable, buildings worth very little MANAGEMENT •Renovation •Renewal •Reduce housing density URBAN RURAL FRINGE Shunting yard