Computer Hardware
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Transcript Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware
Peripheral Devices
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More Memory Types
Read Only Memory - ROM
Complementary Metal-oxide
Semiconductor - CMOS
Video Ram
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Buses: The CPU’s Data Highway
Bus
Electrical pathway used to move data between components
Local bus: Connects the CPU with the memory
Expansion bus: Connects the CPU with peripheral devices
01100010
01001000
01110011
00100111
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Bus Performance
Bus clock speed
Measured in bits
• 16 bits
• 32 bits
Rate of speed data moves from
one location to another
Measured in Mhz (millions of
clock cycles per second)
Bus width
The number of bits of data moved
on a bus at any one time
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Hard Disk Drive - Secondary Storage
Stores data and program
instructions
Permanent (nonvolatile)
storage
Storage capacities up to
250 GB and higher
Transfers data in
milliseconds
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How a Hard Disk Works
Composed of several
coated platters stacked
on a spindle
Data saved to the disk:
polarized particles
Between platters are
read/write heads that read
and write magnetized data
Platters
Read/write
head
Access arms
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Magnetic Storage
Magnetic media:
Track
Metal platters:
• Hard disks
Plastic film:
• Floppy disks
• Zip disks
Sector
Tracks
Sectors
File Allocation Table
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Optical Storage
Optical media:
CD ROM
CD-R
CD-RW
DVD ROM
DVD-R
DVD-RW
Laser
Pit
Land
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Flash Drives and Cards
Nonvolatile
Small size
Large capacity
Flash memory
Flash card
Flash drive
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Input Devices
Devices used to enter information or
instructions into the computer
Keyboard
Mouse / pointing device
Microphone
Scanner
Digital camera
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Keyboard
The QWERTY keyboard with enhanced features is
standard with most modern personal computers
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Dvorak Keyboard
Puts the most commonly used keys at “home keys”
Reduces distance of finger stretches
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Specialty Keyboards
Laptop
Laptops
PDAs
Wireless
Ergonomic
PDA
Ergonomic
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Mouse
Standard
Roller ball mouse
Wireless
Trackball
Less expensive
Harder to keep clean
Harder to control
Stationary on desk
Trackball
Optical
Optical mouse
Needs no mouse pad
Doesn’t need cleaning
More expensive
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Other Input Devices
Handheld
Scanners
Text
Images
Flatbed
Digital cameras
Images
Video
Camera
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Camcorder
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Inputting Sound
Microsoft Voice Recognition
Microphone Input
Teleconferencing
Voice over Internet
Voice Recognition
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Output Devices
Retrieving
information from the
computer
Output devices
Softcopy (video,
sounds, control
signals)
Hardcopy (print)
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Monitor Types
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
Less Expensive
Use much more space
Uses more energy
Better viewing angles
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
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More expensive
Uses far less space
More energy efficient
Less viewable from an angle
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Liquid Crystal Display
Liquid crystal sandwiched between two
transparent layers form images
Used for notebook computers, PDAs, cellular
phones, and personal computers
Polarizer
Color filter
Color filter
glass
Liquid
Crystal
Glass
polarizer
Backlight
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Monitors
Things to consider:
Resolution:
• Increasing resolution allows more
to be displayed
Dot pitch:
• .31mm or less
Refresh rate:
• 75 Hz or higher
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Printers
Impact printers
Dot-matrix
Non-impact printers
Inkjet
Inkjet
Laser
Multifunction
Dot-matrix
Laser
Specialty printers
Plotters
Thermal printers
Multifunction
Plotter
Thermal printer
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Non-impact Printers
Ink Jet
Less expensive device
Full color printing
Slower in pages per
minute (PPM)
More expensive per page
in B&W
Laser
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More expensive device
Black and White (Color
lasers are very
expensive)
Faster in PPM
Less expensive in B&W
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Outputting Sound
Speakers and
Headphones
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Expansion Cards
Adds functions
Provides new connections for peripheral
devices
Common types:
Sound
Modem
Video (VGA)
Network (NIC)
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Evaluating Ports
Ports are used to connect peripheral
devices to the computer
Things to consider:
Devices you want to use
Ports needed for the devices
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Types of Ports
Serial Port
Transfers data one
bit at a time;
56Kbps
PS/2 Port
COM 1 Port
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PS/2
Connectors
Serial
Connector
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Types of Ports
Parallel
Transfers eight
bits of data
simultaneously;
12Mbps
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LPT 1 Port
Printer Cable Connector
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Types of Ports
Universal serial bus
Transfer speed up
to 480Mbps; Hot
swapping
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USB
Port
USB
Connector
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Types of Ports
FireWire
Transfer rate of
400 Mbps; Digital
cameras
FireWire
Port
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FireWire
Connector
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Types of Ports
Ethernet
Transfer rate of 100
Mbps; connects
computers to
networks
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Ethernet
Port
Ethernet
jack
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Types of Ports
IrDA
Transfer rate of 4
Mbps; Uses
infrared light waves
IrDA
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Types of Ports
Bluetooth
Transfer rate of 1
Mbps; radio waves
send data over
short distances
Bluetooth
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Types of Ports
MIDI Port
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
31.5 Kbps transfer rate
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Adding Ports
Expansion cards:
New port standards
Expansion hubs:
Enables several
devices to be
connected to a port
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