Transcript THE GAMBIA

THE GAMBIA
ECD POLICY FRAMEWORK
COSTING
Policy Framework Context
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Population
Population - 1,364,507[1]
Population growth rate - 2.8 %
Density - 128 persons per square kilometre.
Estimate for population of children 0-3 - 141,000
Estimate for population of children 3-6 years - 177,000
Poverty is on the increase - 50 per cent of the Gambian
population rated extremely poor and 17 per cent poor[2]
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[1] Preliminary results, 2003 Census
• [2] National Poverty Survey, 1998
Basic services for young
children
Education –
• Responsibility of the Department of State for
Education
• Overall coverage is about 19% for 3-6
• Very young children aged 0–3 years generally
missed out on educational interventions
• Coverage in urban - 20%1 of children and 14
1% in rural
• 90% of these centres are provided by the private
sector and 10% by the community based
systems.
Education(contd)
• Estimate for children in nurseries in 2004 was
28,000
• .Short term fee charging training programme for
facilitators
• DOSE’s role was limited to monitoring,
supervision and regulation of services.
• Recently pre-schools are being annexed to
particularly primary schools
• School-feeding programme supported by the
world-Food Programme in some Pre-schools in
the rural areas
Nutrition:
• Mandate for providing regulations for nutrition
services in the Gambia is with the National
Nutrition Agency (NaNA
• 4% of children are wasted, 17 % undernourished
and 17 % stunted.
• NaNA supports the improvement of nutritional
status of children 0-5 years through the
• Baby Friendly Community Initiative (BFCI):
• 50,000 children are benefiting
Nutrition(contd)
• 8 men and women in each of the 500 BFCI
communities serve as Village Support Group
members who are trained on the strategy that is
coverage of 40 %.
• Nutrition Surveillance
• Micronutrient supplementation: Vitamin A to
postnatal mothers and children 6 months to 5
years. Coverage is 52.3 %.
• Salt Iodisation: Target is 80 % consumption of
iodised salt. Coverage not known
Water Supply
• Responsibility of Department of Community
Development
• Assumption is that children within all
communities with water supply have access to
safe water
• 70% of the population have access to safe water
supply
• Over 40 % of the population have access to
proper sanitation.
Health
• Responsibility of Department of State for
Health
• Provision and maintenance of quality
health services for children includes:
• Expanded Programme on Immunisation
(EPI) e.g against Hepatitis B, Haemophilus
influenza type, Tuberculosis, Diphtheria,
tetanus, pertursis and poliomyelitis.
• Coverage for immunisation is over 80 %.
Health(contd)
• Reproductive and Child Health (RCH)
services: vaccination of antenatal mothers
against Tetanus toxoid (coverage is 72 %),
growth monitoring, screening of children,
Birth Registration, health education and.
• Coverage for growth monitoring of children
age 0 -18months is 80 %
• Birth Registration, screening and health
education is not known
Health
• Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI):
• coverage is 35, 000 children in CRD and LRD benefit
from this strategy
• Paediatric services are also available for children, which
include among others, the provision of paediatric drugs
and paediatricians. Coverage not known
• Prevention of parent to child transmission of HIV/Aids.
Coverage is 13 facilities including 4 private facilities.
N.B: Other key providers of ECDare CCF, GAFNA,
Department of State for Agriculture
Need for an Early Childhood
Development Policy
• A National meeting on ECD involving all stakeholders
held in the Gambia 1999 as above, highlighted
shortcomings in
• Access
• Quality
• Cohesion
• The Working Group on ECD that emerged out of the
resolutions of this meeting identified the need for a policy
to address gaps in access, quality and cohesion
• Unicef resourced the expertise of a consultant to
facilitate the policy development process in 2002.
Need for an Early Childhood
Development Policy (contd)
• Policy has, however, not reached cabinet
level for many reasons
• One is lack of attached cost
The ECD Policy Framework
Costing exercise in The Gambia
• Mr. Alain Mingat supported this process in
The Gambia from 5th to 9th December
2005 through the support of ADEA and
/UNICEF Regional Office for West Africa
after the ECD Policy Financing meeting
held in Dakar in March 2005. The Gambia
is grateful to ADEA and UNICEF for this
worthy venture.
The Costing Exercise involved
• Consultations with the heads (Permanent
Secretaries of Health, Education, Local
Government ECD Multi-sectoral Working Group
in The Gambia to:
• - Glean relevant statistics to use in building
the model
• - Report on current provisions and levels of
coverage
• - Convergence on a nature of provision and
coverage levels envisaged for this policy.
Major Challenge
• Accessing reliable data from relevant
sectors:
• concerns of underestimation e.g
• data on service coverage
• overestimation e.g census data
• total absence of data e.g salaries.
The policy costing: Aim
• Advocate for appropriate budgetary
consideration for services for young
children
• 0-3 years, 3-6 years and communities
Principles underlying the Policy
Framework
• Enhanced access for the poorest and
underprivileged young children and
families
• Build on existing structures and sectoral
polices
• Integration for efficient use of resources
Costing of Policy(contd)
Based on two distinct grouping of provisions
• Contextual services i.e conventional services by
Departments of State such as Health and Social
Welfare, Education, National Nutrition
Agency,Water Resources, and Community
Development
• Focus is co-ordination to ensure
comprehensiveness in the policy
• These have no funding implications within this
policy framework
Policy costing based on
Specific activities: new activities
representing gaps in contextual services
• The focus is expansion and improvement
of contextual services
• Activities through which the objectives of
the policy can be achieved by 2015
• These have funding implications
Elements in the model
• Population figures for 2004 to 2015
• Agreed coverage for the different age groups
• Real costs and total revenue to be realised from 2004 to
2015
• Scenerios created to adjust for affordability by making for
trade-offs between coverage and quality
• Levels of funding that can be mobilised from the
Education budget and the other sectors such as Health,
Department of Community Development, NaNA and
Water Resources are indicated as percentage of the
GDP of the country.
• Flexible to allow for development of other scenarios
Scenarios
Resource mobilisation
Public resources for ECD % from education
Public resources for ECD % from others
Public Resources for ECD(million Dalasis)
Characteristics of the services
0-3 % Coverage
0-3 Number of children covered
3-6% Coverage
3-6 % Number of children covered by service
3-6 % enrolment in formal pre-school
3-6 % enrolment in private formal pre-school
3-6% enrolment in publicly financed
3-6 enrolment in community based preschools
Total Recurrent spending on ECD (Million
Dalasis)
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2
3
4
5
5
0.09
48.3
5
0.09
48.3
5
0.09
48.3
5
0.07
38.3
5
0.12
60.3
40
66,000
40
84,000
35
70
30
65
28
46,200
28
58,800
35
85
15
65
32
52,800
32
67,200
35
85
15
65
29
47,900
29
60,900
35
85
15
65
35
57,800
35
73,500
35
85
15
65
77
48
48
39
60
The next crucial steps
• Development of implementation plan with
specific activities for attainment of the
stated objectives children 0-3 and 3-6
years by the year 2015
• Adoption
Should we invest? Why?
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There are positive gains for supporting the policy
Enrolment into the primary sector
Retention to completion levels
Improved performance by systems
Improved outcomes for overall education section
Greater productivity in the workforce
Achievements of EFA, PRSP goals
Achivement of national ambitions for 2020
Conclusion
• Lack of investment mean a lost
opportunity for our 2015 targets
• It is great wisdom to invest in constructing
children
• It is expensive to reconstruct damaged
adults. This just what excluding ECD
means