Transcript Slide 1

CEREAL AND WINTER OILSEED
RAPE
TESTING WITHIN THE UK
Jennifer Wyatt
Head of Agricultural Crops
Characterisation
CEREAL AND WOSR
TESTING IN THE UK
•Introduction: NIAB’s role
•Plant variety Registration
Plant Breeders Rights (PBR)
National Listing (NL)
• DUS Testing
Cereals
Winter Oilseed Rape (WOSR)
•Quality Assurance (Certification)
CEREAL AND WOSR
TESTING IN THE UK
DEFRA: (PVS)
Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
PVS: Plant Varieties Rights Office and
Seeds Division
NLSC: National List Seeds Committee. Includes Scotland,
Wales and Northern Ireland. Involved in decision making
NIAB:
Independent body under contract to Defra
NIAB
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
CHARACTERISATION MAIN ACTIVITIES
• Variety evaluation (DUS)
• Advice to Defra and seeds
industry
• Training
• Seed quality (Certification)
PLANT VARIETY REGISTRATION
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
Essential for a successful seeds industry
Establishes variety ownership
Consumer protection
EU Directives
PLANT VARIETY REGISTRATION
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
•Variety registration part of National Listing (NL)
National Listing (NL) Seeds (National List of
Varieties) Regulation (2001/3510)
Distinctness, Uniformity & Stability (DUS)
Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU)
•Statutory system required by EU Directives
•Eligible Plant Breeders Rights (PBR)
PLANT VARIETY REGISTRATION
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
• A new variety must be:
• Distinct
• Uniform
• Stable (DUS) :
• Offer clear improvement (VCU)
To qualify:
• National Listing (NL)
Eligible
• Plant Breeders’ Rights (PBR)
• DUS serves dual function: NL
and PBR
PLANT VARIETY REGISTRATION
PLANT BREEDERS RIGHTS
• Encourages development of new varieties
• Grants breeders exclusive rights to authorise and control
(licence) multiplication and sale of reproductive material.
•Essential to breeder that successful variety has PBR
•PBR licence includes paying of royalties (BSPB)
•Scheme for PBR administered by Defra, PVS
(in line with UPOV system)
PLANT VARIETY REGISTRATION
UK NL OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS
• Variety entered for DUS testing
• Final summary report by NIAB to Defra,
• Recommendation only by NIAB: pass/fail
• Final decision NLSC: pass/ fail
•Pass: Variety NL
PLANT BREEDERS RIGHTS
UK
Varieties entered for UK PBR :
1997/98
2002/03
2007/08
Winter wheat
34
24
4
Spring wheat
3
1
0
Winter barley
28
28
5
Spring barley
27
21
15
Winter oats
3
2
0
Spring oats
3
2
0
Winter oilseed rape
33
31
7
Reduction in numbers:
Application directly to CPVO (buy in UK test report)
Rights transferred directly to CPVO
CEREAL DUS TESTING
Year 1 & Year 2 cereal candidates undergoing
test 2007/2008
Winter Spring
Total
Barley
35
45
80
Wheat
93
9
112
Oats
4
5
9
WOSR DUS TESTING
Numbers of varieties in trial 2007/08
Year 1
62
Year 2 and subsequent years
48
Reference samples
from variety collection
493
PROTOCOLS USED IN UK DECISION
MAKING
PROTOCOLS IN ORDER OF IMPORTANCE
UPOV Guidelines
CPVO Technical protocols
National list and Seeds Committee
UK Crop Protocols
DUS Technical Team
(Examination Offices)
Cereals: CPVO TP/3/3,TP/19/2, TP/20/1
Rape : CPVO TP/36/1
THE UK DUS TESTING SYSTEM
• Characteristics recorded according to species
and Technical Protocol (CPVO TP)
• After two years data are analysed statistically
(either by T test, weightings or COYD)
• Candidate variety is recommended as distinct
or non-distinct
• Uniformity must meet standards
• Official description produced approval
DUS CEREAL TESTING
• 2- year recording plots in field
• Most characters recorded 1-9 score
• Production of variety descriptions (= legal “definition” of
variety, used in certification)
• Comparison with other varieties in variety collection
• Authentication of DUS submission against VCU
submission
APPLICATION FOR A VARIETY TO ENTER TESTS FOR NATIONAL
LISTING
BREEDER
submits
VCU
(value for cultivation & use)
DUS
(distinctivness uniformity & stability)
DEFRA
Technical questionnaire TQ
3Kg of untreated seed
and 300 ears
35Kg seed sample sown at 6 different
trial sites, trialling managed by BSPB
Year 1 DUS testing
150 ears threshed
for ear rows
60 ears
threshed for
verns test
Year 2 DUS testing
2 x 75g plots
YEAR 1 PROVISIONAL
DESCRIPTION
1 x 200g plot also used
as certification standard
DUS DECISION, FINAL REPORT
IF PASSES
DUS CEREAL TESTING
VARIETY COLLECTION
• Central database holds descriptions for variety
collection
• Includes:
• All varieties on UK National List
• All varieties marketed in the UK
• All varieties marketed in neighbouring countries
• Countries with a similar climate/geography
agricultural system
DUS CEREAL TESTING
Reference samples from variety collection:
Barley
Wheat
Oats
18
22
12
Used as a control for those characteristics which may be
variable e.g ear emergence
DUS CEREAL TESTING
Year 1
100 ear rows in plots 1.6m long x 1.6m wide. three
rows
2 x 3 rows x 9m long
DUS CEREAL TESTING
Dried material
Density
1
3
5
7
9
DUS CEREAL TESTING
NIAB STAFFING
Defra : FULL COST RECOVERY FROM BREEDERS
Total ear rows 2007/08 = 13,500
Total plots
2007/08 = 444
Manager : overall responsibility for delivery of reports to
Defra, major variety issues
Specialists: One full time, two full time:
• Drill planning of ear rows and plots
• Recording for ‘U’
• Assessment of ‘D’
• Advice to breeders
• Preparation of summary results for Defra
.
DUS CEREAL TESTING
STANDARDS
Year 1 Ear rows :
Population approx.2000 plants
Population standard =1%
Acceptance probability =95%
Equivalent to a maximum:
3/100 variant ear rows
Not more than 5 variant plants
Plots: 5/2000 single variant plants
DUS CEREAL TESTING
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Mean score given for Yr 1 and Yr 2
Class width to separate varieties
Database variety profiles used establish ‘D’
Description produced
Permanent record in variety database
Awarding of National Listing (PBR)
ANALYSIS OF DUS CEREAL
RECORDING
Non ‘D’ varieties:
• Comparison of archive dried material with non
D candidate
• If minor differences noted then further test by
electrophoresis - SDS Page
• Added to the variety database
• Awarding of National Listing (PBR)
DUS WINTER OILSEED
RAPE (WOSR) TESTING
DUS WOSR TESTING
• Growing replicated plots or side-by-side
comparisons in the field
• Observation, measuring and recording of a
series of characteristics
• Use of Image Analysis
• Comparison with other varieties in variety
collection
• Production of variety descriptions
DUS WOSR TESTING
Drilling: Total number of plots 2007/08= 2100
Three replicates
Two randomised
Third replicate:
• AFP number order
• VCU authentications
• Seed stock authentications
• Side by side comparisons
DUS WOSR TESTING
Plots 6m long, four rows per plot
Approx. 220 plants per plot
DUS WOSR TESTING
DRILLING
Hybrids
Conventional varieties
• Male & female parental lines
Yr 1 & Yr 2 submissions
•
Any Yr 3 submissions
Maintainer line
• Reference varieties
• F1 hybrids compared
Reference varieties
DUS WOSR TESTING
SCORING OF CHARACTERS
Plots drilled beginning September
• Leaf characters (plot score)- November
• Flower characters (plot score & IA)
Start March
• Mature plant characters (plot score, measurement, IA)
June/July
IMAGE ANALYSIS IN DUS TESTING
Diagrammatic representation of an OSR cotyledon
illustrating the parameters measured by IA.
WIDTH
LOBE SEPARATION
SADDLE LENGTH
LAMINA LENGTH
POSITION OF
MAXIMUM WIDTH
OF LAMINA
LENGTH
LAMINA BASE
TO WIDE POINT
LAMINA BASE
WOSR DUS TESTING
• Two years testing data analysed statistically
(COYD @ 2%)
• Candidate variety is recommended as distinct
or non-distinct
• Uniformity must meet certain standards
according to species
• Characteristics recorded according to
Technical Protocol (CPVO-TP/036/1)
• Official description produced after NLSC
approval
DUS WOSR TESTING
UNIFORMITY STANDARDS
• 2% off-types allowed for open pollinated lines
(95% probability)
• 10% off-types allowed for hybrids (95%
probability)
DUS WOSR TESTING
SUMMARY
• DUS Essential part of plant variety protection and
National Listing
• Certification: Implementation of EU Directives
provides robust quality assurance system
Research and innovation to drive down costs to
breeder/seeds industry
Need to push forward new technology in a traditional
environment ( genotypic characters- e.g.molecular
markers)
DUS: Molecular Markers
Molecular Markers in
DUS testing :
Use of molecular
markers to predict
winter/spring
characteristic in barley using
Single Nucleotide
Polymorphisms (SNPs)
RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
Genetic markers
• variety identification/verification
• quality control /traceability
• food authenticity
• labelling
• consumer protection
Genetic Diversity
Cost-effective testing systems –pass on to breeders/
seeds industry
SUMMARY OF TESTING
DUS Yr 1
Yr 2
DUS pass
Breeders seed
NL/PBR
Certification generation system
multiplication & marketing
CERTIFYING
AUTHORITY : M.A.F.F.
FARM SAVED SEED