Transcript Non-state actors in forest management regulation in Russia

Forest certification
Corporate Social Responsibility
05.02. 2015
Forest Stewardship Council
Российский национальный офис
Origin of wood
• Illegal Logging 10 to 20%
Damage to:
economy,
indangered species
ecosystems, local
communities
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FSC-SECR-0142
Презентация July 18, 2015 · 2
Forest Stewardship Council
Origin of wood is important
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FSC, A.C. All rights reserved Secretariat code
FSC-SECR-0142
Презентация July 18, 2015 · 3
Forest Stewardship Council
Российский национальный офис
Voluntary forest ceretification
Forest certification schemes: FSC, PEFC, SFI, CSA и др.
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FSC, A.C. All rights reserved Secretariat code
FSC-SECR-0142
Презентация July 18, 2015 · 4
Types of FSC certificates
• FSC forest management
• FSC chain of custody-FSC/CoC
• FSC mixed (the most controversial)
• Controlled wood- legal and not from
HCVF, not violating rights of indigenous
people
Forest Stewardship Council
Retail
Products
Factory
Forest
FSC0-COC
FSC0-FM
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FSC, A.C. All rights reserved Secretariat code
FSC-SECR-0142
Презентация July 18, 2015 · 6
FSC in the World (March 2014)
• Total certified area: 181,297,360 ha
• No. countries: 81
• Total no. certificates: 1271
• Europe -- 44.13% of total certified areas
• (80,015,061 ha)
• 518 certificates
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
• International non-governmental organization with
international membership (organizations and individuals,
three chambers: environmental, social, economic)
• International certification system in forest sector
• Legislative body – General Assembly – 1 time in 3 years.
• Executive body – International FSC center (Germany,
Bonn) and regional offices, director general Andrea de
Frietas, FSC office in Moscow-director Andrey Ptichnikov
• Regional and national offices: Latin America, Africa, SouthWest Asia, Russia, US, Canada, China
• Programs: development of standards, accreditation (ASI),
licensing of the trade mark
National offices
• Link to the local
• Develop national standards (indicators and
verifiers)
• 3 chambers-resemble the international
• Hard to accredit both the national
initiatives and the standards
• If the standards are not accredited–
certification bodies (auditors) themselves
develop indicators
FSC-FM
• 10 principles and 56 criteria on sustainable forest
management—for the whole World
• Indicators and verifiers adjust to the local context
• New principles and criteria were voted by the membership in
January 2012
• 2013-2014-development of generic indicators
• 2015-development of national indicators
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Major difficulties in Russia:
Principle 9– High conservation value forests
Principle 3 – related to indigenous peoples rights
Principle 4-workers rights and local communities
Forest Stewardship Council
FSC structure
FSC International Center
ASI-Accreditation Services International
FSC Europe RO
FSC Canada
FSC Russia
FSC U.S.A.
FSC A.C.
Oaxaca, Mexico
FSC China
FSC Asia RO
SO Asia
FSC Africa RO
FSC Latin America
Central Africa
RO
 National offices in 38 countries + 10 candidates
 16 certification bodies + 7 candidates
 26 National Standards + 7 applications from 21 countries
 16 global standards developed by certification bodies
Data: 02.11. 2006
FSC in the World, January 30,
2015
• 184.798 million ha certified
• 28,688 CoC certificates
• 1,301 FM/CoC certificates
20000000
18000000
16000000
14000000
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
Канада
Россия
Швеция
США
FSC certification in Russian
regions
Распределение сертифицированных лесов по регионам России
Другие регионы
10%
Пермский край
4%
Архангельская обл.
23%
Вологодская обл
5%
Архангельская обл.
Иркутская обл.
Республика Карелия
Республика Коми
Приморский край
Вологодская обл
Пермский край
Другие регионы
Приморский край
7%
Республика Коми
12%
Иркутская обл.
22%
Республика Карелия
17%
Companies with FSC certificate , in the process 
Forest Stewardship Council
in Russian National Office
Valid FSC FM-certificates
Russia as November 1 2010
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Presentation July 18, 2015 · 20
FSC certified forests in Russia
(February 2015)
• 39,82 mln ha are certified,
• certificates-207 (01/02/2015)
• CoC - 439 (01/02/2015)
• From that controlled wood 224 (01/02/2015)
FSC and Russian markets-new
developments
• WWF suggested President Medvedev to start FSC
governmental purchasing program
• Rosleskhoz agree to start FSC governmental purchasing
program (does not mean that it will really start it)
• FSC office in Moscow promotes green Olympics in Sochi
in 2014 (was corrupted and not green)
• FSC office in Moscow started a campaign to promote
FSC logo in Russia
Civil society involvement in Russia
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International NGOs (WWF, Greenpeace, etc)
Scientists
Association of indigenous small populations of the North
Forest clubs
Regional NGOs
In rural areas poorly developed, but can be mobilized
Active people in libraries, schools, clubs
Soviet: All Russia Society for Nature protection, nature
protection core, school forestry units, society of hunters
and fishers
Issues of adaptation of HCV in
Russia
•
The concept was developed outside of Russia, yet Russia has its own nature
preservation tradition
•
The concept of HCV is absent in Russian legislation. In certain points Russian
legislation is progressive (nature reserves-Zapovedniks), but in other it is not
•
Russia ratified the convention on Biodiversity, but did not developed a
normative basis for biodiversity conservation in areas leased to the logging
companies
•
Russia has a huge territory and contexts are different, forests are also
different, therefore, it is hard to develop methodology for designating HCV
•
WWF, FSC national initiative, FSC national office- special attention to
Principle 9 in FSC certification
Social value forests in Russia
(HCV-5-6)
• HCV-5 places that are necessary for wellbeing of local
population
• HVC-6 places that are important culturally and
traditionally
• In Russia HCV-5 and HCV-6 are not separated
• Several stages of designation: a) requests to
archeologists, ethnographic museums, research
institutions
• b) consultations with local museums, school study
circles, local libraries
• C) consultations with local communities
• D) mapping, making maps accessible to public
Places for mushrooms and berries
collection.
• Are a significant
source of income for
local population
• In Komi Republicspecial logging
regimes
• In Karelia- more
berries on the 3 years
old logging plots
Hunting grounds
For indigenous people even
if they live not on the
leased territory
Hunting cabin
Hunting societies can have
the lease at the same
territory as the logging
company
Independent local hunters
Hunting tourism
HCV-5-6 in Russia
• Conflicts usually occur only with hunting
grounds of indigenous people
• Not all companies organize consultations
with local activists and communities
• Many difficulties with mapping and making
maps accessible to public (scale,
geographical maps differ from logging
maps, expensive)
Indigenous people in Russia
• Recognized by Russian legislation:
Indigenous small populations of the North
(less then 50000 people)
• Recognized by FSC- any group that
declare itself as indigenous that maintain
traditional natural resource use
• Pomor – different ethnic groups
Indigenous people and HCVF
• North West
• Issues related with
recognition of the groups
• Internal problems within
communities
• Pomor people –
inconsistent involvement
in FSC framework
• Far East
• Terney Les– udegey
community- recognized
• Agreementcompensation for
destruction of hunting
grounds
• Severe internal problems
within the community –
paternalistic- confronting
relationship
Cases in North Western Russia
•
FSC certification of PLO-Onegales,
Arghangelsk region (group
certification)
•
FSC certification of Segezha PPM,
Republic of Karelia
•
FSC certification of Wood Supply
Russia (Stora Enso daughter
companies) [group certification]
•
FSC Certification Mondi Business
Paper—Komi Republic
Transnational
FSC
Internation
al
TNC
Europe
Buyers
CB
ASI
NGOs
CB
TNC
In Russian
ENV
SOC
FSC certified territory
Place
FSC
Russi
a
TNC headquarters
• Innovative projects, experimenting, modeling
• Stora Enso: Pscov Model Forest, Tikhvin project
• Mondy Business Paper: Stakeholder
Engagement Assessment Tool (SEAT)
assessment, support to Model Forest Preluzie
• Investlesprom: Segezha Pine, Model Forest
Segozerie
TNC-NGO partnerships
• Stora Enso: WWF, CISR (a little bit)
• Mondy Business Paper: WWF (a little bit),
Silver Taiga Foundation
• Investlesprom: Transparent World, SPOK,
CISR
• Partnerships with NGOs create another
channel for institutionalization of new
practices
Innovations coming from FSC
• Environmental, social, economic=instrument for
sustainable development
• Production (harvesting practices) as an added
value of the product
• Local democratic development: consultations
with local communities and indigenous people
• Communities designate social value forests
(HCVF 5-6), get involved in forest management
• Communities become stakeholders
• Workers safety
Transformation of CSR
• Soviet lespromchoz—all community
infrastructure
• FSC driven CSR, however, TNCs are not acting
as substitute for government as in Soviet times
• TNC– obligations included in leasing
agreements, e-g. fire wood supply to social
institutions, sawn materials, building roads,
maintaining roads, educational programs
(ecological centers, libraries), small grant
programs
generic
standard
experts
FSC
experts
CB1
CB2
Transnational
experts
experts
experts
National
experts
Russian
framework
standards
experts
Standard-setting
experts
CB2
Sub-national
CB1
sub-national
standards
experts
experts
experts
experts
Standard
implementation
producer
experts
stakeholders
Local
producer
experts
stakeholders
Major impacts
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In all cases:
Moratorium on old growth (virgin
forests)-HCVF-2
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Salaries paid on time
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Companies bought safety
equipment for workers
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Consultations with stakeholders,
especially environmental NGOs
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In certain cases:
Environmental planning, companies
designated HCVF of all 6 categories
(Stora Enso Segesha PPM, Priluzie)
Key biotopes (Segezha PPM)
Improved workers safety (Stora
Enso)
Gasoline leaks prevention
Less garbage
Consultations with local
communities and indigenous
people
Support for community
infrastructure (leasing agreement,
small grants)
Designation of social value forests
(HCVF-5-6)[Stora-Enso,
SegezhaPPM)
Why certification cases differ so
much?
• A) company governance and vertical discipline (workers safety,
implementation on the ground of company policies and
commitments) [Stora-Enso]
• B) company ability to manage contradictions between the Russian
legislation and the FSC (depends on the region, on informal
relationships)[ the worst in Karelia]
• B) interpretation of the standards by the certification body,
composition of the team of certifiers (Nepcon stronger in
environmental issues, while SGS in social)
• C) NGOs involved (environmental or social)
• D) experts and their background
Conclusion
• TNC, NGOs and FSC became significant
governing agents in rural forested areas
• TNC modernization and restructuring creates
significant stress for local communities,
separation of the company (subsidiary of the
holding) from community
• FSC is softening the process of modernization
and restructuring, fosters CSR toward local
community, develops democratic governance