Transcript Municipal Solid Waste Management in Flanders

Practical experiences in waste
management in Flanders: the
example of “IMOG”
RTP 25771, Łódź (Poland), 14.12.2007
Christof Delatter
Association of Flemish Cities and Municipalities
(Vereniging van Vlaamse Steden en Gemeenten – VVSG)
www.vvsg.be
Tel. +32 2 211.55.99
E-mail: [email protected]
This presentation
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What is IMOG?
Incineration
Landfilling
Composting
Collection of waste
Communication
Results
Financing
Conclusions
What is IMOG? (1)
What is IMOG? (2)
• Intermunicipal organisation
– Founded in 1969
– 11 municipalities (no private shareholders): municipalities
transfer their competences on waste management to the
intermunicipal organisation
– 230.000 inhabitants
– First activity: incineration of waste: started in 1977 (staff of 9)
– Also take care of waste, comparable to household waste,
coming from local SME’s, comparable to household waste
– New activities over the years: landfilling of waste, civic
amenity sites, composting, organizing separate collection
(now: 160 people working for IMOG, no own collection)
Waste incineration at IMOG (1)
Waste incineration at IMOG (2)
• Incineration at the start : reduction of volume
– 65.000 tonnes/year
– 100 m³ waste = 10 m³ ashes (landfill)
– 100 kg waste = 20 kg ashes, 3 kg metals
• 1985: start of energy recovery
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2 kg of waste = 1kWhe
Boiler
Turbine alternator
Electricity
No external heat recovery because of local circumstances
• 1990: battle against emissions
– Dust, heavy metals, acids
– 1995: dioxines, NOx
Waste incineration at IMOG (3)
• 2005: efficiency
– Industrial
– Energy
• Today:
– Full respect of EU-norms and regulation (waste incineration
directive)
– Dioxins: continuous sampling measurements: actual emission
= 0,001 ng/Nm³
– Energy production out of non recyclable waste at low or zeroemissions conditions
– 41% is renewable energy
– No dispute about the plant
Waste incineration at IMOG (4)
• Investments
What?
€
Subs
1977: 2 lines of 5 ton /hour +
electrostatic precipitator
8.000.000
60 %
1986: energy recovery,
production of electricity
10.000.000
60 %
1994: flue gas cleaning, dust,
chlorids, sulfure, fluoride
10.000.000
0%
2000: flue gas cleaning, NOx dioxines
7.000.000
0%
Total investment: 35.000.000 €
Waste incineration at IMOG (5)
• Operating costs incineration:
– 1977: 12,5 € / tonne
– 2007: 118 € / tonne + 7 € / tonne environmental tax
• Operating costs landfilling
– 1977: 6-10 € / tonne
– 2007: 50 € / tonne + 75 € / tonne environmental tax
Landfilling at IMOG
• Landfilling remains a necessity
– Ashes from waste incineration
– Some industrial waste streams
– Challenges: polluted soil, sludge
Composting of garden waste at
IMOG
• Reasons to start:
– Cheaper than landfilling or incineration
– Diverting organic waste from the landfill
– Compost is a perfect product
• Started with open windrow composting
– 6 months ; odours ; unpredictable quality
• Now oxigen-air-activated under gore-membrane
– 3 months ; no more odours ; perfect quality
Civic amenity sites (1)
• 1985: Garden waste, bulky waste, construction
and demolition waste, paper, metals, frying-oils,
motoroils
• 1 / 18.000 inh.
Civic amenity sites (2)
• Now more than 30 different waste streams…
Civic amenity sites (3)
Doorstep collection
• 1970:
– Household waste: weekly
– Bulky waste: once a year
• Since 1996
– Household waste: once a week in obligatory municipal waste bag
– Garden waste: voluntary service once every two weeks (specific payment)
– Bulky waste: once a year for free, but monthly extra service is possible on
payment of specific fee
– Packaging waste (PMD): once every two weeks (financed by producers of
packaging)
– Paper and cardboard: once every two weeks (30% financed by producers
of packaging)
• Combined with bottle banks in the streets for glass
(colour separated): approx. 1/1.000 inhabitants
Sorting and recycling
• Over the years, IMOG experienced that sorting
at source is the best choice !
– Many people = many hands
– Good communication leads to raised awareness,
people accept that they have to sort waste and
deliver good quality
– Good quality is important on the market for
recyclables
– Sorting after mixed collection: bad quality, low
quantities
Communication (1)
• Timing
– Communication before acting = information
– Communication after acting = discussion
• Actors
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Inhabitants
Politicians
Personnel
Students, young people, schools, ….
• Instruments
– On speaking terms
– Own publications and press, website
– Specific billboards (incineration)
Communication (2)
• Timing
– Again and again
– A never ending story!!
• How to create support?
– Open-doors-policy: 5.000 visitors each year
• Combine communication with optimal services
– Say what you do, do what you say
Results (1)
Flanders household waste management
Waste evolution
600,00
400,00
Total household waste
300,00
Residual waste
Selective collected waste
200,00
100,00
0,00
19
9
19 1
9
19 2
9
19 3
9
19 4
9
19 5
9
19 6
9
19 7
9
19 8
9
20 9
0
20 0
0
20 1
0
20 2
0
20 3
0
20 4
0
20 5
06
kg/inh/year
500,00
Year
Results (2)
IMOG 2006
Flanders 2006
Flanders 1991
Production
486 kg
/inhabitant/year
531 kg
/inhabitant/year
406 kg
/inhabitant/year
Separate
collection
(total)
332 kg
/inhabitant/year
> 68 %
(recycling: 230 kg;
composting: 102
kg
377 kg
/inhabitant/year
> 71 %
75 kg
/inhabitant/year
= 18 %
Financing (1)
Citizens
Industries with
Take-back responsibilities
Municipalities and
intermunicipal organizations
Waste treatment plants
(often intermunicipal)
Companies for collection and
recycling/treatment of waste
Flemish region
Financing (2)
• Average total cost in Flanders for collection and
treatment of household waste:
– Approx. 90 € / inh / year (= 222 € / hhd / y)
– Financed partly by producers, for waste streams with
producer responsibility (packaging waste, WEEE)
• Costs IMOG are below the Flemish average
– No collection of organic kitchen waste
– Some income from treatment of industrial
waste
Financing (3)
• Municipalities finance IMOG:
– Approx. 54 € / inh / year (= 131 € / hhd / y)
– Distributed on basis of number of inhabitants, amount of
waste produced, real collection costs ; small part of cost is
shared between municipalities
• Households in Flanders pay to municipalities
– Partly through general municipal taxes/budget
– Fixed household waste tax: on average 60 € / hhd / y
– Fees for collection:
• Household waste bag: 1,25 €/bag or 0,16 €/kg
• Garden waste: 1,5 €/container or 0,08 €/kg
Lessons learned at IMOG (1)
• Waste is investment
• Waste is some risk
• Waste management needs the right technology,
good organisation and public control
• Proven technology is available, but there is also
bad technology on the market…
• Priorities  technologies  actors
Lessons learned at IMOG (2)
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Waste is a big job
Waste is no problem
Waste management creates jobs
Waste is fuel-energy-material
Waste is big money
Waste is wanted by private companies, as long
as it has a value
Lessons learned at IMOG (3)
• Waste management is an important public
service like
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Energy production and provision
Drinking water
Waste water treatment
Telecommunications
Public transport
You are welcome !!!
• In Flanders
– Visit plants, projects,…
– Share data on policy and on practical
implementation methods
– Long-term relationship and help in setting up a local
or intermunicipal waste management policy
• Contact: Christof Delatter
[email protected] – www.vvsg.be