Transcript Municipal Solid Waste Management in Flanders

Implementation of the Landfill
Directive
RTP 25771, Łódź (Poland), 14.12.2007
Christof Delatter
Association of Flemish Cities and Municipalities
(Vereniging van Vlaamse Steden en Gemeenten – VVSG)
www.vvsg.be
Tel. +32 2 211.55.99
E-mail: [email protected]
This Presentation
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Lessons learned from Europe
Landfilling in Flanders
Diverting biological waste from landfills
Dealing with the past
Lessons learned from Europe (1)
• November 2005: interesting survey by SLR
Consulting: Delivering Key Waste Management
Infrastructure: Lessons Learned from Europe
– Examination of the different approaches used to
facilitate the development of waste management
infrastructure in ten selected EU Member States:
Ireland, the UK, the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark,
Germany, France, Spain, Austria, Italy
Lessons learned from Europe (2)
• The Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Germany,
Austria:
– Have met targets of diversion of biodegradable
waste
– Strong waste management infrastructure
(incineration or MBT)
• Ireland, the UK, France, Spain, Italy: still strong
reliance on landfilling
• Both groups of countries have specific
characteristics !
Lessons learned from Europe (3)
• “good results countries” have:
– Regime of certainty: strong planning, landfill bans, strict
regulation, municipal (co-)ownership reducing financial risks;
– Partnership between government levels: transparant
responsibilities, thorough consultation, local implementation;
– Public trust: separate local waste taxes (transparency), strict
adherence to EU requirements;
– Integrated approach across waste streams: integration of
household and industrial waste leads to cost reductions.
Lessons learned from Europe (4)
• “bad results countries” have:
– Lack of certainty which creates difficulties in securing key
waste management infrastructure;
– Poor strategic planning capability with little cooperation
between tiers of government;
– Weak local accountability and ownership of waste related
issues so that issues are repeatedly deferred;
– Politically inconsistent messages and fiscal incentives which
contradict the promotion of the waste hierarchy.
Lessons learned from Europe (5)
• To create waste management infrastructure you
need stability through:
– Strong planning
– Local involvement and implementation
– Clear responsibilities and cooperation between
government levels
– Juridical and financial instruments
– Transparency and clear communication to the public
History of landfilling in Flanders (1)
• 1950’s: almost every municipality had its own dumpsite
(hardly any legislation)
• 1965: establishment of first intermunicipal cooperations
• Specific situation for Flanders:
– Population: just over 6 million; population density: ± 440
inh./km²
– Intense pressures from human activities: densely populated,
dense transportation network, industry, intensive cattle
breeding (millions of porcs, chickens, cows) and crop
cultivation
– High quantities of waste ↔ pressure on land use
• 1975: building of first waste incinerators
History of landfilling in Flanders (2)
Waste incinerators
Operational compliant landfills cat. 2
Closed landfills
History of landfilling in Flanders (3)
Waste evolution
600,00
kg/inh/year
500,00
400,00
Total household waste
Selective collected waste
300,00
Incinerated
Landfilled
200,00
100,00
0,00
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
History of landfilling in Flanders (4)
• Number of landfills:
Year
1985
2004
Cat.1
11
5
Cat. 2
34
8
Cat. 3
73
11
History of landfilling in Flanders (5)
• Shift of legal responsibility in delivering of permits over
the years
– Seventies: permitting system based on safety and health
regulations: controlled by Health Inspection
– 1981: permitting system based on waste legislation:
controlled by Waste administration
– 1995: permitting system based on IPPC: controlled by
Environmental Inspection Agency
→ loss of information about old closed landfill
sites!
Diverting biological waste from landfills (1)
• 50 % of household waste = food/kitchen &
garden waste !
• Options:
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–
–
–
Prevention of organic waste
Separate collection for composting
More incineration of waste
Pretreatment before landfilling (MBT)
Diverting biological waste from landfills (2)
• Flemish mix of instruments to reduce BMW and
to divert it from landfill
– Taxes on landfilling and incineration
– Ban on landfilling of certain separately collected
waste streams and combustible waste
– Ban on incineration of certain separately collected
waste streams
– Biological Waste Management Plan: prevention,
home composting and separate collection for
composting of organic waste
Diverting biological waste from landfills (3)
• Taxes on landfilling and incineration
Year
2002
2007
(euro/tonne) (euro/tonne)
Illegal landfilling
117,21
150
Landfilling
combustible
waste
58,61
75
Incineration
household waste
6,45
7
Diverting biological waste from landfills (4)
• Prevention of organic waste
Compostbins and boxes
Wormery
Diverting biological waste from landfills (5)
• Prevention of organic waste: “chicken projects”
– Municipality
• distributes free chickens (3/family)
• works out trade discount system with local pet shops
– Often request to register the amounts of organic waste fed to the
chickens
– Also in schools, institutions, retirement homes: strong social and
educational impact
– Strict rules to follow ! (animal by-products, animal welfare…)
Diverting biological waste from landfills (6)
• Prevention of organic waste: “waste-free garden”
– Mostly communication and demonstration of good practices
– Concept of a garden
• in which all the organic waste from the garden can be processed in the
garden itself
• use of indigenous plants who produce less waste
• alternative management: e.g. hayfields
• Prevention of organic waste: masters in composting
– Volunteers, supported by municipality or intermunicipal organization
– Convince other citizens
– Demonstration of techniques for home-composting
Diverting biological waste from landfills (7)
• Citizen paying the municipalities for waste
collection:
– In the past: all costs financed from either the general
budget of from a fixed waste tax
– now combined with “Pay As You Throw”
• Chipped bins
• Obligatory household waste bags
– Home composting bins are distributed for free or at very
low cost
– Financial incentive for prevention and separate
collection of organic waste!
Diverting biological waste from landfills (8)
• Separate collection of organic waste in Flanders:
– Flanders divided in two types of municipalities: “green”
and “kitchen-waste”-regions
– “green”:
• Intensive campaigns for home composting
• Collection of garden waste on civic amenity sites
• Some well planned doorstep collections of garden waste
– “kitchen-waste”-regions
• Also promotion of home composting
• Doorstep collection (at least every two weeks) of all organic
waste
• Combined with acceptance of garden waste on civic amenity
sites
Diverting biological waste from landfills (9)
• Kitchen waste:
– Aerobic composting: compost
– Anaerobic digestion: compost and renewable
energy
– Future: more combination of technologies?
• Garden waste:
– Windrow composting into high quality compost
– Both woody and fine fraction is needed for composting
– Recently: woody fraction is ‘interesting’ for energy
production
Dealing with the past
• Illegal dumpsites...
• Legal landfills where after-care period has
passed
→ Soil remediation decree:
– Municipal inventory of sites with risk of pollution
– Transfer of these sites requires examination of soil
quality
– Can lead to soil remediating project
You are welcome !!!
• In Flanders
– Visit plants, projects,…
– Share data on policy and on practical
implementation methods
– Long-term relationship and help in setting up a local
or intermunicipal waste management policy
• Contact: Christof Delatter
[email protected] – www.vvsg.be