Transcript 2000/2001 Household Budget Survey

2000/2001 Household
Budget Survey (HBS)
Conducted by
The National Bureau of
Statistics
Sample Design
• 22,178 Households were
covered in 2000/01
• Around 1,000 Households in
each region
• The Survey provides Regional
Estimates
• 4,823 Households were
covered in 1991/92
• It provides National Estimates
• Both surveys provide
rural/urban/DSM
Information Collected
• Household Members’
Education, Economic Activities
and Health Status
• Household Expenditure,
Consumption and Income
• Ownership of Consumer
Goods and Assets
• Housing Structure and Building
Materials, and
• Household Access to Services
and Facilities
Analysis: General Issues
• In framework of poverty monitoring &
policy: Tanzania development Vision
2025, National Poverty Eradication
Strategy and the PRSP,
•Analysis guided by the Research and
Analysis TWG and stakeholder
consultations
• Provides a baseline for the future
• Describes trends in 1990s, comparing
with HBS 1991/92
RESULTS
The Tanzanian
Household
Percentage of
Households Headed by
Women by Area
30
28
24
25
21
20
15
23
22
17
18
91/92
00/01
14
10
5
0
DSM
Other Urban
Rural
Total
Percentage of Households
Living in Dwellings Made of
Modern Materials
45
40
43
36
35
Non-earth floor
30
26
Durable walls
25
Concrete /
metal roof
25
20
21
15
16
91/92
00/01
Household Amenities
• Fall in Average Distance to
Some Key Services (Markets,
Public Transport, Shops)
• Increase in Ownership of a
Number of Consumer Goods
• 10% of Hhs are Connected to
Electricity National Grid
• This Increased in Urban Areas
Only
Percentage of Households with
Mains Electricity
Mara
10%
Kagera
2%
Mwanza
5%
Kigoma
6%
Shinyanga
3%
Tabora
4%
Rukwa
4%
Mbeya
9%
Arusha
11%
Kilimanjaro
18%
Tanga
7%
Singida
5% Dodoma
6%
Iringa
6%
Morogoro
10%
Pwani
6%
Dar es Salaam
59%
Lindi
5%
Percent
2-4
5-9
10 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 59
Ruvuma
5%
Mtwara
5%
Education
Percentage of Adults with
Some Education, by Sex and
Area, 2000/01
120
100
96
89
92
82
83
80
80
63
68
Male
Female
60
40
20
0
DSM
Other Urban
Rural
Total
Percentage of Children
Aged 7-13 in School,
1991/92 and 2000/01
90
80
70
77
76
66
64
56 58
60
50
40
30
57
61
91/92
00/01
20
10
0
DSM
Other Urban
Rural
Total
• There are Many Over Aged
Children in Primary School
• They are Often Below the
Class they Should be in for
Their Age
• Enrolment in Secondary
Education is Low, 5% of 14 –
17 year olds are in Forms 1-IV
Health
Percent of People Ill or
Injured in the Last Four
Weeks
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0-4
5-14
15-24
25-34
Male
35-44
45-54
Female
55-64
65+
Source of
Consultation
Government
Dispensary/hospital
41.6
Regional hospital
3.1
Community health centre
10.4
Private, modern
Dispensary/hospital
22.3
Doctor/dentist
7.0
Missionary
hospital/dispensary
9.2
Traditional healer
15.0
Pharmacy/chemist
2.5
Other
1.7
Other
Client (User)
Satisfaction
• Clients reported most
dissatisfaction with Govt.
Providers
• Long waiting times
• Lack of Drugs
• High Cost of Modern private
care
• Ineffectiveness of Treatment
for Traditional Healers
Drinking Water
Source of Drinking
Water
Other 1%
P iped 39%
Unpro tected
44%
Other
P ro tected 16%
Economic
Activities
Economic Activity of
Adults
Activity
91/92
00/01
72.8
63.2
Employee – government
3.4
1.9
Employee – parastatal
1.8
0.6
Employee – other
2.0
4.1
Self-employed with employees
4.5
1.9
Self-employed without employees
0.3
6.1
Unpaid family helper in business
1.8
8.5
Housewife, house-maker or
household chores
3.6
6.2
Student
6.3
2.8
Inactive
3.5
4.6
100.0
100.0
Farming, livestock or fishing
Total
• About 89% of Rural Hhs
owned Land for Agriculture or
Grazing, As was in 1991/92
• The Degree of Agriculture
Mechanisation among Rural
Hhs is Low – 11% Own a
Plough, only 0.2% have a
Tractor
Household
Consumption
Expenditure Recorded over
One Month
• The survey recorded everything
that the interviewed households
consumed over one month
• It included food and other items
that have been purchased, and
food grown by the Hh and
consumed during the month
• It excluded household
expenditure that was not for
consumption, e.g., purchasing
inputs for a farm worked by the
household
Trends in Household
Consumption Expenditure
per Person
• Average Consumption is
highest in Dar es Salaam
and lowest in Rural Areas
(TShs. 21,949 compared to
8,538)
• After adjusting for inflation,
Hh consumption rose by
around 17%
• The largest rise was in DSM
Percentage Share of
Consumption by type of Item
Consumed
1991/92
2002/02
Food – Purchased
35.8
38.6
Food – Home Produced
35.5
26.8
Durable Goods
7.2
7.3
Medical Expenditure
0.9
2.2
Education Expenditure
0.8
2.0
Other Non – Durable
19.7
23.1
Total
100.0
100.0
71.3
65.4
of which, Total Food
Income
Poverty and
Inequality
Overview of Poverty Analysis
NonCons.
Data
Household
Total
Exp.
Not
Poor
Cons.Poverty
Cons.
AE Line
Poor
AE = Adult Equivalent
Poverty Lines – TShs for 28
days per Adult Equivalent
1991/92 2000/0
1
Food Poverty Line
2,083
5,295
Basic Needs
Poverty Line
2,777
7,253
Percentage of the Population below
the Basic Needs Poverty Line,
1991/92 and 2000/01
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
41
39
39
36
29
28
26
91/92
00/01
18
10
5
0
DSM
Other Urban
Rural
Total
• Because of population growth,
there was an increase in the
number of individuals living in
poverty (11.4 mill in 2000/01
compared to 9.5 mill in
1991/92)
• A small increase in inequality
occurred
Percentage of Poor Individuals, by
Education of Household Head,
1991/92 and 2000/01
60
51
50
46
51
46
36
40
32
91/92
00/01
30
20
13 12
10
0
None
Adult Primary Only
Education
Above
Primary
Percentage of Population
below the Basic Needs Poverty
Line
Mara
46%
Kagera
29%
Mwanza
48%
Kigoma
38%
Shinyanga
42%
Tabora
26%
Rukwa
31%
Mbeya
21%
Arusha
39%
Kilimanjaro
31%
Tanga
36%
Singida
Dodoma
55%
34%
Iringa
29%
Morogoro
29%
Pwani
46%
Dar es Salaam
18%
Lindi
53%
Percent
10 - 19
20 - 29
30 - 39
40 - 49
50 - 59
Ruvuma
41%
Mtwara
38%
Reported
Income
A Diversity of Sources
• The sale of Agricultural products
was the main source of Cash
Income for 62% of Hhs, compared
with 67% in 1991/92
• Food Crops remain the most
important single source
• The importance of cash crops has
fallen. They provide the main cash
source for only 17% of Hhs
• Agriculture provides slightly over
half of total household Income,
60% in rural areas.
Mean Monthly Income per
Earner by Gender and
Educational Level (‘000 TShs)
120
96
100
84
80
60
38
40
20
45
18 16
43
20
Male
Female
38
20
0
None
Primary Secondary Tetiary
Total
Conclusions
• Income poverty is high and
many social indicators are poor
• There are large differences in
the indicators between different
groups
• The largest gap is between
urban and rural populations –
the rural population is much
poorer
• Regional differences are more
variable; some are consistently
disadvantaged e.g Lindi,
Singida
• Differences between men and
women are smaller than the
geographical differences
• Women have lower incomes
than men and less education,
but girls have higher primary
school enrolment
• Many measures of welfare
show modest improvements
during the 1990s
• The economy diversified and
household consumption has
increased
• The proportion who are poor
has fallen slightly, although the
absolute numbers has risen.
• But there have been increases
in inequality – particularly
between urban and rural areas