Transcript Document

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing
a Microsoft Windows Server 2003
Environment
Chapter 11:
Monitoring Server
Performance
Objectives
• Identify the importance of monitoring server
performance
• Use Task Manager to monitor server performance
and resource usage
• Use Event Viewer to identify and troubleshoot
problems
• Use the Performance console to monitor server
performance using both System Monitor and
Performance Logs and Alerts
• Optimize server performance through the
configuration of service settings
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Introduction to Monitoring
Server Performance
• Server performance can deteriorate over time
• Monitoring helps alert you to problems before
they become serious
• Normal behavior is called baseline performance
• Built-in tools for monitoring:
• Task Manager
• Event Viewer
• Performance console
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Task Manager
• Fastest way to obtain a system performance
snapshot
• Provides high-level information
• Can be accessed through Windows taskbar or
Ctrl+Alt+Delete key combination
• Has five main tabs
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Applications
Processes
Performance
Networking
Users
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Monitoring and Managing
Applications
• From Task Manager, the Applications tab displays
a list of all foreground software applications
• To manage a particular application, select it from
the list and choose a menu option: End Task,
Switch To, New Tasks
• Or, right-click an application and choose from
shortcut menu: Switch To, Bring to Front,
Minimize, Maximize, End Task, Go To Process
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Monitoring and Managing
Processes
• From Task Manager, the Processes tab displays a
list of all processes in use by applications and
services
• Displays information about each running process
• Right-click a process to end it
• Can change process priority from default of
Normal Priority
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Monitoring and Managing
Processes (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Activity 11-1: Using Task
Manager to Manage
Applications and Processes
• Objective: To explore managing applications and
processes using Task Manager
• Open Task Manager using Ctrl+Alt+Delete
• Observe running applications
• Start a new application and explore options using
Task Manager
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Monitoring Real-Time
Performance
• From Task Manager, the Performance tab displays
CPU and memory performance charts, graphs, and
statistics
• Gives a snapshot of system performance at the
moment
• Often used in conjunction with a more detailed
tool as a first pass look at performance
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Monitoring Real-Time
Performance (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Monitoring Real-Time
Performance (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Activity 11-2: Using Task
Manager to Monitor
Performance
• Objective: To monitor server performance using
the Task Manager
• Open Task Manager and click the Performance tab
• Review information
• Start an application and again review performance
• Explore starting and stopping applications and the
effect on performance
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Monitoring Network
Performance
• From Task Manager, the Networking tab displays
network utilization information
• Roughly the percentage of the network bandwidth in
use
• Also displays network performance data for each
installed network card
• Name of adapter, network utilization detected by the
adapter, speed of network link, and operational state of
adapter
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Monitoring Network
Performance (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Monitoring Users
• From Task Manager, the Users tab displays a
listing of users currently logged on, including
network clients
• Can log off or disconnect a user
• Can send messages to connected users
• Can connect to another user’s session
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Monitoring Users (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Event Viewer
• Used to gather information and troubleshoot
software, hardware, and system problems
• Events are recorded in logs
• Event Viewer allows you to view contents of logs
• Log entries denote warnings and errors
• Often include an event ID that helps to identify problem
• Three main logs:
• Application log
• Security log
• System log
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Event Viewer (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Event Viewer (continued)
• Domain controller has two additional logs:
• Directory service log
• File replication service log
• Any user can view contents of application and
system log
• Administrators and those with special permission
can view security log
• Event types include: information, warning, error
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Interpreting Events
• Click a log file within Event Viewer to get details
• Details pane lists all events with information
including:
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•
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Type of event
Data and time of event
Source of event
Category and event ID
Computer on which event occurred
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Interpreting Events (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Activity 11-3: Viewing Event
Viewer System and Application
Log Events
• Objective: Use Event Viewer to view system and
application logs
• Open Event Viewer and view the application log
• View properties of events in the log
• Open the system log
• Review an error event
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Activity 11-3 (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Performance Console
• Supports gathering more detailed information than
Task Manager
• Consists of two different tools:
• System Monitor
• View data gathered from counter objects
• Performance Logs and Alerts
• Periodically logs samples to a data file to be
imported into other applications
• Generates alerts when certain configured thresholds
are met
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System Monitor
• Particularly useful for collecting data on real-time
server performance
• Tasks that can be performed using System
Monitor:
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Understanding server performance
Problem diagnosis
Capacity planning
Testing
• You can specify a type of data to monitor, the
source or computer from which to capture data,
and performance objects to monitor
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Using System Monitor
• Displays information when Performance tool is
first opened
• Data display related to memory, processor, and
physical disk objects on local computer
• Three possible views
• Graphs
• Histogram
• Report
• System Monitor toolbar used to control various
functions
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Using System Monitor
(continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Activity 11-4: Exploring
System Monitor Settings
• Objective: To explore System Monitor settings for
Windows Server 2003
• Open the Performance console to see System
Monitor running
• Use the toolbar to change view types
• Change the view to highlight a particular property
• Explore freezing the display
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Activity 11-4 (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Activity 11-4 (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Performance Objects and
Counters
• Performance monitoring is a regular maintenance
task
• Performance counters:
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% processor time
% interrupt time
Pages/second
Page faults/second
% disk time
Avg. disk queue length
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Activity 11-5: Adding Counters
to System Monitor
• Objective: To add object counters to the System
Monitor tool
• Add several counters
• Explore the Explain feature
• Explore different views
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Activity 11-5 (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Using System Monitor
(continued)
• Collecting data is easy, interpreting data is harder
• Often there are causal relationships that aren’t
obvious
• Several alternatives for saving and viewing
historical data
• Html files
• Log files
• Databases
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Activity 11-6: Saving and
Viewing System Monitor Data
• Objective: Explore options for saving System
Monitor data
• Open System Monitor and collect data
• Freeze the display
• Save the data as an html file
• Explore options that are available in the browser
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Activity 11-6 (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Performance Logs and Alerts
• A second tool available within Performance
console
• Allows you to automatically collect data (locally
or remotely) and view it using another program
• Tasks: collect data in different formats, view data,
configure parameters, configure and manage
logging sessions, set up alerts
• Three options available in tool: counter logs, trace
logs, and alerts
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Configuring Alerts
• Logging increases overhead on a server
• Set up a regular schedule for collecting and
reviewing data
• Since logging should not run constantly, alerts can
notify you of a potential problem
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Configuring Alerts (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Activity 11-7: Configuring
Performance Logs and Alerts
• Objective: To explore configuring performance
logging and alerts
• Open Performance Logs and Alerts
• View the System Overview log
• Explore the Log Files and Schedules tab
• Configure alerts and monitor performance
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Configuring and Managing
Services
• Don’t want to run unnecessary services, adds
overhead to a system
• Before disabling a service, check dependencies
• Services MMC allows you to configure various
settings under the properties of a service with
following tabs
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General
Log On
Recovery
Dependencies
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Activity 11-8: Configuring
Windows Server 2003 Services
• Open the Remote Desktop Help Session Manager
and configure it to start automatically
• Objective: To configure the startup properties and
settings of Windows Server 2003 services
• Open the Services MMC
• Explore the General, Log On,Recovery and
Dependencies tabs
• Open the Messenger service and disable it
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Activity 11-8 (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Activity 11-8 (continued)
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Summary
• Goal is to ensure servers meet performance
expectations and to minimize server downtime
• Task Manager utility provides snapshots of CPU,
memory, and network performance and utilization
– Used as an initial point of reference
• Task Manager can also be used for management –
to end, switch, start, etc. new applications and
processes and to log off and disconnect users
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Summary (continued)
• Event Viewer utility used to view logged
information about errors, cautions, and events in
processes and applications – helps to identify
issues before they become larger problems
• Performance console contains the System Monitor
utility and the Performance Logs and Alerts utility
• System Monitor allows you to track many
different performance measures locally and
remotely and provides different views of the
measures
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Windows Server 2003 Environment
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Summary
• Performance Logs and Alerts allows you to
automatically log performance information based
on start and stop times or on alert configurations
• Information can be saved in different formats including
SQL database, comma-separated, tab-separated, etc.
• To optimize server performance, unnecessary
services and applications should be disabled –
some run by default when server is installed
• Check Dependencies before disabling a service
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