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Session 4.2. Situation Analysis Step 6 Estimating Severity of Food Insecurity & Malnutrition Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Learning Objectives After this session, participants should be able to: List various indicators of severity of crisis Explain the meaning and value of the “convergence of evidence” concept Describe the “needs” vs. “food basket cost” method of estimating the food access gap 2 Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Where are we? EFSA Process Adapt conceptual framework & objectives Prepare analysis plan: indicators, data, sources Collect, review secondary data Collect primary data Conduct situation analysis Conduct forecast analysis Analyse response options Make response recommendations Prepare report 3 Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Why estimate severity? To ring the alarm if need be: we must announce if the situation is severe – or not 4 Advanced EFSA Learning Programme How do we determine severity of the situation? Combination and convergence of findings such as: Magnitude: No. of individuals/HHs whose lives & livelihoods are potentially at risk Size of food access or consumption gap Historical comparisons: comparing current population in severe food insecurity with previous situations Increase in mortality rate (beyond norm for area) Acute malnutrition rates Other indicators? 5 Advanced EFSA Learning Programme The “convergence of evidence” concept Comparing different indicators: a powerful way to determine the severity of a crisis… …particularly when different indicators lead to the same conclusion, show same patterns The difficulty: Multiple sources are used – data only as good as source collecting them 6 Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Estimating the access gap One example Cost of minimum “nutritious” food basket Example of East Timor Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Calculating the cost of the minimum food basket… Average HH size Food habits and what constitutes a “nutritional food basket” – including main sources of micronutrients Sources of HHs’ food Cost of each food item What information will we need to do this? Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Nutritional needs of 7-member family in Dili ENERGY PROTEIN FAT CALCIUM IRON VIT. A VIT. C Requirements kcal g g mg mg µg RE mg Child <5 1,290 25.5 43.0 400 9 390 20 Child <5 1,290 25.5 43.0 400 9 390 20 Child 5-9 1,980 48.0 42.5 450 16 400 20 Child 10-14 2,210 Child 10-14 2,210 Lactating mother 2,920 Father TOTAL/DAY We50.0 need42.1 now to600 figure24out what 550 food items can cover24these 50.0 42.1 600 550 nutritional needs 25 25 69.6 64.9 600 17 850 50 2,230 49.6 42.5 400 24 570 30 14,130 320 316 3,450 123 3,700 190 Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Minimum cost of nutritious food basket for 7-member family in Dili 1 Nutritious basket for 7-member family in Dili Yellow maize 2 3 Daily needs (grams) Monthly needs (kgs) 4 5 Cost per kg Monthly cost of family basket 500 15.00 0.65 9.75 1,300 39.00 0.35 13.65 600 18.00 0.50 9.00 1,100 33.00 0.43 14.19 Sugar 200 6.00 0.75 4.50 Groundnuts 225 6.75 1.00 6.75 1,200 36.00 0.20 7.20 Tomatoes 250 7.50 0.80 6.00 Vegetable oil 150 4.50 1.34 6.03 Milk 549 Cassava Beans Rice Green leaves US$ 77.07 Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Proxy for Food Access Gap in Dili HHs earning less than US$ 77.00 per month 11 Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Access Gap in Dili = HHs earning less than US$77/month Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Exercise 4.2. The “Minimum Cost Food Basket”: Challenges in Using the Method As a group: consider the Dili Minimum Cost Food Basket example just presented and discuss: What factors do you suppose made this method feasible in Dili? What factors might make this method more challenging? Why? 13 Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Consider before calculating the food access deficit: What is the average household size? What are the food habits? Which are the main sources of micronutrients? From which sources do households obtain their food? (relatively easier to calculate a food access gap in urban areas) Advanced EFSA Learning Programme