Transcript Artemia – its role and production requirements

Artemia – its role and
production requirements
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Hatching of Artemia
Preparation of the tank – clean with
detergent, disinfect and rinse
Fill tank with preheated water and add
aeration and heating.
Disinfect the water.
Disinfection of the cysts
Add to hatching tank
Harvest.
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Artemia hatching characteristics
Tank:
Any Size/Shape (1-10 m3)
Temp:
28-30 °C (Preheated Water/Heat Exchange)
Salinity:
30-40 ppt
Oxygen:
> 4 ppm
pH:
> 8 (Ph control with NaHCO3 or NaOH)
Illumination: 2000 Lux at Water Surface
Density:
2-4 kg/m3
Hatch Controller : 100 ppm at T0
Water Treatment: Filtered and Chlorinated/Neutralized
Aeration :
Very Strong ( Open End )
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Strong aeration and bright lighting is essential in
hatching phase
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Harvesting of Artemia
 Disconnect heater, increase oxygen to about
10ppm then stop aeration and oxygen
 Within 10-15 minutes the nauplii will separate
from the empty cyst shells – the empty cyst
shells float and the nauplii will crowd above the
tip of the conical near a light source.( 100-150W
incandescent spot)
 Drain the nauplii from the tank and rinse well
before transferring them to the storage tank or
enrichment tank.
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Artemia separation is achieved through
their positive photo tactic response
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Careful rinsing at harvest is again essential to
ensure as clean a product as possible for the
larvae.
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Decapsulation versus disinfection
 Decapsulation
 A complete
contamination free
and sterile product
 Separation problems
after hatch are
avoided
 Disinfection
 50g/l cysts 20
minutes in 200 ppm
active chlorinecontinuous aeration
rinse and add to
hatching tank
 Cysts known to be
contaminated fungi
and bacteria
 Improves hatching
yields
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Pathogen risk in Artemia
• Artemia nauplii are heavily contaminated with
bacteria, esp. Vibrio sp.
• Correlation between bacterial flora in the
larval intestines and the flora of live food
• Risk exists that potential pathogens are
transferred via the food to the larval tanks
• Cyst decontamination, hatching and
enrichment micro floral controllers are used.
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Hatching percentage and efficiency
Hatching percentage is the number of
Artemia nauplii produced per 100 cysts. A
good product will have a hatching
percentage of +/-90%
The hatching efficiency is the number of
nauplii produced per gram of cysts. A good
products will yield +/- 230,000 nauplii per
gram of cysts
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Enrichment / Harvest and storage of Artemia
nauplii
Enrichment to meet the nutritional
requirements of the fish
Enrichment can only take place once the
nauplii have started feeding – coincides
with the molt into second Instar stage
Long term/short term enrichment
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Artemia enrichment characteristics
Tank:
Any Size/Shape (1-10 m3)
Temp:
28-30 °C (Preheated Water/Heat Exchange)
Salinity:
30-40 ppt
Oxygen:
> 4 ppm
pH:
> 8 (Ph control with NaHCO3 or NaOH)
Illumination: Natural light conditions
Density:
200-500 million nauplii/m3 depending on
method
Hatch Controller : 100 ppm at T0
Water Treatment: Filtered and Chlorinated/Neutralized
Aeration :
Very Strong (Open End )
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Harvesting of enriched metanauplii
Rinsing into 100 micron net
Rinsing has to be done until no emulsion
is left in the outflowing water to avoid
problems with oil films in larval rearing
tanks. Metanauplii are now ready for direct
feeding or for cold storage for later use.
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Artemia enrichment enables total HUFA
enrichment levels of up to 60mg/g
70
60
50
EPA
DHA
Sum n-3 HUFA
40
30
20
10
0
EG Instar I/II* DC Selco (24 h DC DHA Selco DC Super Selco 24 Hrs Cold
(24 h hatching)
enriched)
(24 h enriched)
Storage (10°C)
*(Mostly Instar
DC DHA Selco
II)
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T72 Prolon
enriched meta
nauplii
Artemia cold storage at 6°C to maintain optimal
nutritional value until feeding
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Cold storage of Artemia nauplii
 Freshly hatched Artemia nauplii e.g. AF and
enriched nauplii can be stored at 4-10 C for 24
hours.
 Cold stored nauplii slow down their metabolism
and do not consume their energy reserve and
can remain in Instar I (AF) or Instar II or III stage.
(enriched artemia nauplii)
 If left at 25 C the HUFA content and in particular
the DHA content can drop by 33% after 6 hours
and 67% after 12 hours.
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Ongrowing of Artemia nauplii
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Increased biomass ( 30%
on dry weight basis)
 Reduced cyst requirement
through more efficient use
of artemia metanauplii.
 Improved nutritional
profile, higher digestible
energy profile
 Improved larval growth
and stress resistance.
Further 24-48 hours
after enrichment
procedure
Increased tank
requirement
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Artemia requirements
Sea bream
General assumptions
1) Artemia hatch rate (millions/kg cysts)
2) Max. daily need of AF/m3 larval rearing volume (M nauplii)
3) Hatching volume (m3/kg cysts)
4) AF Artemia need per million juveniles 2g (kg cysts)
5) AF Artemia cost (drs/kg)
6) Max. daily need of EG/m3 larval rearing volume (M nauplii)
7) EG Artemia need per million juveniles 2g (kg cysts)
8) EG Artemia cost (drs/kg)
9) Enrichment stocking density (m3/100 million nauplii)
10) Selco need per 100 million nauplii (kgs)
11) Selco/Essential enrichment cost (drs/kg)
200
2,0
0,4
4,0
(2.5g/l)
10,0
95
0,5
0,10
Annual production target (2g juveniles)
No of larval batches
Initial larval rearing vol (m3)
Daily AF Artemia requirement (kgs cysts)
AF hatching volume (m3)
No of 0.25m3 tanks required
No of 0.5m3 tanks required
Total AF Artemia consumption (kgs cysts)
Total Cost of AF Artemia (Mdrs)
Daily EG Artemia requirement (kgs cysts)
EG hatching volume (m3)
No of 1m3 tanks required
No of 2.8m3 tanks required
Total EG Artemia consumption (kgs cysts)
Total Cost of EG Artemia (Mdrs)
Enrichment tank volume (m3)
No of 2.8m3 tanks required
No of 4.5m3 tanks required
Total tank volume (m3)
Total Selco consumption (kgs)
Total Cost of Selco enrichment (Mdrs/yr)
5
62
0,62
0,2
2
0
8
0,00
3,08
1,2
0
1
190
0,00
3
1
0
5
38
0,00
5
123
1,23
0,5
4
0
16
0,00
6,15
2,5
1
1
380
0,00
6
2
0
9
76
0,00
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5
185
1,85
0,7
4
2
24
0,00
9,23
3,7
2
1
570
0,00
9
3
0
14
114
0,00
5
308
3,08
1,2
6
2
40
0,00
15,38
6,2
4
2
950
0,00
15
5
0
23
190
0,00