Transcript IGP-4

IGP-4
Low productivity (Rice-Wheat 4-5 t/ha)
- low to medium potential
Poor investment in infrastructure
Medium-high precipitation
High potential for cold water fisheries
and livestock
Degradation of Land and water
resources
Deficient human capital combined with
high out-migration
Downstream environmental constraints
Low population density
Low Productivity (4-8 t/ha) - Food deficit region
Low investment in infrastructure
Low inputs of fertilizer and water
Medium - High rainfall, More per capita water
availability
Underutilization of ground water (< 20 %)
Very few developed irrigation network
Coastal salinity and sea water intrusion
Moderate water quality hazards
High risk of flooding, poor drainage and
moderate drought
Out-migration of labour to other regions
High population density
High Productivity (R-W: 8-12 t/ha) - Food surplus region
High investment in infrastructure
Major inputs of fertilizer and water
Low - Medium rainfall, Low per capita water availability
Over exploitation of ground water (>80 %)
Well developed irrigated network
Secondary salinization
Severe ground water quality hazards
Severe to moderate drought prone areas
In-migration of labour
Medium-high population density
IGB Potential and Productivity
Agriculture
UC
Forestry
Fisheries
Livestock
Pot
Prod Pot
Prod Pot
Prod Pot Prod
L-M
L
L-M H
L
H
L
H
WIGP M-H
M-H L
L
L
L
H
M-H
EIGP
L
L
H
M
M
L
H
M
AGRICULTURE PROFILE OF THE STATE : AT A GLANCE
Geographical location
Latitude
Longitude
Elevation from Sea level
21º58’10” North to 27º31’15” North
83º19’15” East to 88º17’40” East
53 meter
Total geographical area of the State is 93.60 lakh hect. Land use
classification of the State is given below :Lakh hect.
(i)
Forest
6.16
(ii) Barren & non-cultivatable land
4.37
(iii) Land put to non-agriculture uses
16.35
(iv) Cultural Waste land
0.48
(v) Permanent pasture
0.18
(vi) Area under misc. Crops
2.30
(vii) Other fallow (2 to 5 years)
1.41
(viii) Current fallow
5.95
(ix) Net area sown
56.38
(x) Total cropped area
80.26
(xi) Area sown more than once
23.58
(xii) Density of population
884/sq. km.
CONSTRAINTS
Low productivity of Crops in Bihar
Year
Paddy
Wheat
Maize
Pulses
Oilseeds
State
National
State
Nationa
l
State
Nation
al
State
Nationa
l
Stat
e
Nationa
l
1993-1994
14.15
18.88
21.30
23.80
21.50
16.02
7.09
5.98
7.05
7.00
1994-1995
13.52
19.11
21.08
25.59
20.61
14.48
7.38
6.10
7.07
8.43
1995-1996
12.18
17.97
20.06
24.83
20.14
15.95
6.15
5.52
6.84
8.51
1996-1997
15.95
18.82
22.09
26.79
22.35
17.20
8.35
6.35
6.35
9.26
1997-1998
14.90
19.00
19.61
24.85
19.72
17.11
7.29
5.67
7.38
8.16
1998-1999
14.54
13.21
20.91
25.90
19.54
17.55
9.10
6.34
8.55
9.44
1999-2000
15.43
19.90
22.03
27.59
22.37
17.85
7.96
6.30
7.32
8.56
2000-2001
14.89
19.27
21.73
27.42
24.54
18.06
8.35
5.53
7.44
7.90
2001-2002
14.65
-
20.65
-
25.04
-
7.88
-
7.28
-
2002-2003
Last estimate
13.66
-
19.00
-
21.09
-
7.78
-
7.28
-
2003-2004
Third
estimate
14.90
-
20.34
-
22.74
-
8.53
-
8.11
-
Low level of Input Use
(Per Hectare consumption of fertilizer)
Year 2001 – 2002
Sl.
No.
State
Fertilizer Consumption
(N:P:K)/hect.
1
Haryana
155.68
2
Punjab
173.38
3
Uttar Pradesh
130.44
4
Andhra Pradesh
143.47
5
Bihar
87.39
200
150
Fertilizer
Consump
tion
(N:P:K)/h
100
50
0
H a rya na
P unja b
Ut t a r
P ra de s h
A ndhra
P ra de s h
B iha r
Low level of Consumption of Electricity
(MKWH)
Sl.
No
.
State
Consumption
of Agricultural
Purposes
Total
Consumptio
n
% Share of
Agriculture
1
Andhra Pradesh
11748
27100
43.45
2
Bihar
1549
11485
13.52
3
Punjab
5534
19441
28.47
4
Haryana
5635
10051
45.12
5
Uttar Pradesh
5260
25732
20.44
Low level of Procurement of Foodgrain
(Unit : In Thousand MT)
Sl.
No.
2002 – 2003
State
2003 – 2004
Wheat
Rice
Wheat
Rice
1
Punjab
9880
7939
8938
8626
2
Uttar Pradesh
2110
1360
1213
2115
3
Haryana
5888
1325
5122
1324
4
Bihar
41
158
1
186
Basic economic features:
Bihar vs India
Item
Agriculture as % of GDP (1997-98)
Rural population as % of total
population (2001)
Human population density (per sq.
km)
1991
2001
Livestock density (per ha.)
census
1992
Bihar
43.8
89.5
India
26.5
72.2
685
880
2.85
267
324
1.84
Income, Poverty and Literacy
status in Bihar vs India
Particulars
Per capita income (at 1993-04 prices)
Per capita agricultural income (at
1993-94 prices)
Value of output from agriculture per
ha. (at 1993-94 prices)
Rural poverty (1999-2000)
Literacy
Bihar
(Rs.)
3574
1508
India
(Rs.)
8941
2552
5939
11839
40.07 %
34.73 %
27.09 %
52.21 %
Growth rates of major crops in Bihar (Area in 000'ha,
Production in MT and Yield in Tonnes /ha.)
Crops
Rice
Wheat
Maize
Potato
Sugarcane
Moong
Pigeonpea
Particulars
Area
Production
Yield
Area
Production
Yield
Area
Production
Yield
Area
Production
Yield
1980-90
0.56
4.06
3.48
1.01
3.74
2.70
-2.65
3.83
6.66
0.88
3.17
2.27
1990-99
-0.89
6.75
7.71
3.13
4.92
1.74
3.70
3.13
-0.55
1.58
-1.75
-3.29
1980-99
-0.56
2.87
3.45
4.38
2.15
0.72
0.72
5.42
4.66
1.30
2.05
0.74
Area
Production
Yield
Area
Production
Yield
Area
Production
Yield
0.68
6.23
5.50
1.40
0.54
-0.85
-4.80
-2.87
2.03
-1.63
-5.03
-3.45
-2.49
-3.46
-0.99
-0.98
-4.04
-3.08
0.41
2.51
2.09
-0.16
-0.58
-0.42
-2.87
-3.20
-0.34
Agroclimatic zones of Bihar
The state falls in the middle-Gangetic plains region. It is subdivided into three agro-ecological sub-zones. These are, Northwest
Alluvial Plains (Zone-I). North-East Alluvial Plains (Zone-11) and
South Bihar Alluvial Plains (Zone-Ill A and III B).
Ground water resources and Irrigation potential in
Bihar (1995)
Particulars
Zone-I
Zone-H
Zone-Ill
Bihar
1.
Total Ground water resources (MCM)
10714.15
6544.33
10791.46
26049.94
2.
Utilizable groundwater resources (MCM
9107.34
5562.72
9323.77
23993.83
3.
Net Annual Draft (MCM)
2414.85
1093.72
1837.28
5345.85
4.
Ground water Balance (MCM)
6692.49
5459.00
7486.49
18647.98
5.
Stage of Ground water development and
category
56.51
(White)
19.66
(White)
19.70
(White)
22.28
(White)
6.
Net Irrigation requirement (M)
0.65
0.65
0.45
1.75
7.
Potential created upto March' 95
371510
170537
389198
931243
8.
Additional Irrigation after full
exploitation (ha)
Ultimate Irrigation potential
1029575
705981
1670023
3405579
1401085
876518
205922
4336824
SI.
No
9.
Zone-wise and source-wise Gross Irrigated Area in Bihar
( Year -1998 ) (Area in 'OOOha)
SI.
No.
Source
Zone-I
Zone-II
Zone-III
Bihar
1.
Canal
277.26
(20.49)
159.79
(17.17)
840.77
(37.35)
1277.82
(28.18)
2.
Ponds & Tanks
102.24
(7.56)
5.63
(0.60)
38.3
(1.7)
146.17
(3.22)
3.
Electric tube wells
56.47
(4.17)
15.31
(1.65)
309.85
(13.77)
381.64
(8.64)
4.
Diesel tube wells
801.59
(59.24)
687.62
(73.90)
561.26
(24.94)
2050.47
(45.22)
5.
Wells
7.33
(0.54)
1.44
(0.15)
15.82
(0.70)
24.58
(0.54)
6.
Other sources
108.26
(8.0)
60.72
(6.53)
484.86)
(21.54
653.84
(14.42)
7.
Gross Irrigated Area
1353.16
930.51
2250.86
4534.52
Agro-ecological characteristics of Bihar (Area in
'000 ha.)
Agroecologica
l Zone
Geogr
aphical
Area
Net
sown
Area
Croppi
ng
Intensi
ty
Rainf
all
Soils and topography
Population
density
Animal
density
Literac
y
Poverty
I
3261
2153
142.17
1122
Heavy textured sandy
loam
to
clayey,
medium, acidic, flood
prone.
1073
2.73
45.20
50.83
II
1986
1255
158.43
1387
518
1.52
37.98
53.35
III
4112
2195
135.11
1104
Light to medium
textured
slightly
acidic, sandy loam to
salty clay loam with
saline/
alkaline
patches.
Old alluvium sandy
loam to clayey, large
tal and Diara area.
Slightly
alkaline
patches.
1065
3.83
55.01
42.07
Bihar
9360
5603
143.05
1234
880
2.83
47.42
48.05
Thanks
Summary of agro-ecological situations of Patna District
SI.
No
.
1
AES
Soil
characteristics
Principal crops as % of gross
cropped area in the AES
Major cropping system
AES-I Tal
land
Heavy soils, clay
loam to clay in
texture. Deep
cracking in
summers.
Rain fed /irrigated
light soils (Sandy
loam to loam).
Maize-1.2 Paddy-0.1 Lentil
70.08 Gram- 2.6 Oilseed-5.3
Wheat-9.2 Lathyrus-10.3
Fallow-Lentil Fallow-Gram
Fallow-Lathyrus FallowOilseeds Fallow-Wheat Maize
/ Paddy-Wheat
Maize -50.5 Arhar-9.7
Cucurbits-15.3 Wheat-45.3
Maize-21.8 Potato-12.6
Vegetable-5.2 Linseed- 3.2
Medium heavy to
heavy soils, clay
loam to clay in
texture.
Medium to heavy
soil.
Paddy-20.1 Maize-10.3
Vegetables-8.8 Wheat-20.2
Lentil-19.8 Gram-10.3 Onion40.5 Potato-35.2
Rice -95.2 Wheat-35.33
Lathyrus- 9.73 Gram-3.32
Lentil-25.52 Potato-12.36
Vegetable-1.36 Maize-2.88
Linseed-1.3 6 Mustard-1.2
Baseem-2.5 Pea-5.0
Medium to heavy
soil.
Rice-95.0 Wheat-50.5
Lathyrus- 2.3 Gram-3.7 Lentil39.7 Maize-2.7 Linseed-1.2
Mustard-2.7
Maize-Wheat-Fallow MaizePotato-Fallow MaizeVegetable-Cucurbits
Cucurbits-Wheat CucurbitsMaize-Oilseeds
Paddy-Wheat-Onion MaizePotato-Onion VegetableWheat-Onion Paddy-GramPotato
Paddy-Wheat PaddyLathyrus Paddy-PotatoMoong Paddy-Wheat-Paddy
Fallow-Potato-Paddy MaizeOilseed-Vegetable VegetableWheat-Vegetable PaddyBerseem
Paddy-Wheat Paddy-Lentil/
2
AES-II
Diara
land
3
AES-III
Jalla land
4
AES-IV
Irrigated
plains
5
AES-V
Rainfed
plains
Gram / Lathyrus PaddyMaize Paddy-Mustard
Paddy-Linseed
Administrative setup of Patna district
Sl.
No
Subdivisio
ns
Blocks attached to them
1.
Patna Sadar
Patna Sadar, Phulwarisharif, Sampatchak
2.
Patna City
Fatuha, Khusrupur, Daniyanvan
3.
Danapur
Danapur. Bihta, Maner, Naubatpur
4.
Masaurhi
Masaurhi, Dhanarua. Punpun
5.
Paliganj
Bikram, Dulhinbazar, Paliganj
6.
Barh
Bakhtiarpur, Athamalgola, Belchi, Pandarak, Barh,
Mokama,Ghoswari.
5 AES of Patna District
Agro-ecologically South Bihar Alluvial Plains Zone III B is spread south of river Ganga.
Physiographically it is almost plain alluvium, but to the south of the natural levee of
Ganga, there is a parallel stretch of Diara land receiving flash floods. At the eastern end
of the district there are stretches of Tal lands where backwaters of Ganga River stagnate
in low lands during Kharif season floods, between September-December every year. Tal
lands extend from Fatuha to Mokameh blocks in the district, where most natural
drainage systems, i.e., rivers from south, simply vanish.
Block wise Cultivated Area (Ha.) in Different AES of Patna
District (in ha.) (2001-02)
SI.
No
.
Block
Tal
Land
AES-I
Diara
Land
AES-II
Jalla
Land
AESIII
2108.
50
Nil
Irrigate
d Land
AES-IV
Unirrigate
d Land
AES-V
1
Patna Sadar
Nil
277.00
2
Nil
Nil
3
Phulwarishari
f
Faluha
Nil
1840.00
4
5
6
7
Masaurahi
Dhanarua
Punpun
Danapur
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
8
Maner
9
10
Total
Cultivate
d
Area
Nil
Nil
23285.50
4485.00
3798.44
8283.44
2000.00
15523.62
20763.62
Nil
Nil
Nil
1242.06
1400.
00
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
4000.00
1200.00
1300.00
1420.70
13168.28
11291.59
6739.75
1579.30
17168.28
12491.59
8039.75
4242.06
Nil
4392.30
Nil
2170.40
4417.30
10980.00
Bihta
Bikram
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
4941.44
3450.49
11967.04
20458.88
11
Paliganj
Nil
Nil
Nil
5811.57
19371.90
12
Naubatpur
Nil
Nil
Nil
4357.21
14524.03
13
Barh
4972.09
1364.93
Nil
7025.60
17008.3
9
13560.3
3
10166.8
2
3900.00
3412.35
13649.37
14
Bakhliarpur
3855.80
2142.11
Nil
2000.00
570.55
8568.46
15
Pandarak
7219.60
1666.06
Nil
1300.00
921.42
11107.08
16
Mokameh
3420.52
Nil
17102.63
Patna District
16344.9
8
3508.
50
(2400.0
0)
67637.2
4
3420.54
17
10261.5
7
30209.0
6
83403.85
201103.63
Tal :
o
o
o
o
o
o
Low-lying area separated from the river Ganga by its
natural levee.
Inundated on the onset of monsoons, as the riverbed
swells with the backwaters of the river pond in this area.
After late September, the water starts receding from
higher reaches and drains completely by the middle of
December.
The soils are grey, medium heavy-to-heavy in texture,
very poor in drainage and crack widely on drying.
Major crops during Rabi season crops like lentil, and
gram with no crop possible during Kharif due to
submergence.
The cultivated land under this segment is 30209.06 ha.,
contributing 15.02 % land to the district.
Diara
o Natural levees of river Ganga or its abandoned channels nearby.
o These are subject to flash floods during monsoons, resulting in
either erosion or deposition of soil every year.
o Soil is light in colour and texture, well drained and crops are
mostly taken during Rabi.
o Choice of Kharif (liable to be washed off) and summer (mostly
vegetables) crops depend upon type of Diara. Enterprising
farmers are developing irrigation facilities on stable Diaras for
crops and some have even gone for orchards like mango, guava
etc.
o Parval is an important vegetable crop among cucurbits and
farmers are earning from selling its root cuttings as planting
material.
o This area is about 16344.98 ha., in the district contributing 8.12
% to the cultivated land.
Jalla
o These are similar to Tal lands, but are a bit shallower,
getting partial and short duration inundation in parts by
the river Punpun and its tributaries.
o Due to its proximity to Patna town, it also receives
drainage water of the city.
o Though it is highly fertile, it carries some harmful
chemicals along with heavy metals that enter the food
chain.
o This area is mostly known for its vegetable cultivation
besides pulses and more recently for potato and onion.
o This constitutes only 1.74 % (i.e., 3508.50 ha.,) of
cultivated area in the district.
Irrigated Plains
o These areas have assured irrigation facilities either
through Sone command system or through state or private
owned tubewells.
o This part of the district has good, well-drained soils and
the farmers follow predominantly Rice-Wheat rotation.
o The private tubewell owners seldom irrigate rice crop.
Some vegetables, spices and flowers are also grown in
this area.
o The cultivated area under this AES is 67637.24 ha.,
constituting 33.63 % of the net cultivated area.
o Although this area is most affected by extremism and
class wars, it has the highest potential in terms of number
of enterprises possible.
Rainfed plains
o These have climate and soils similar to irrigated
plains and mainly follow the same cropping
sequence by and large but they lack assured
irrigation facility.
o Availability of water mostly decides the choice of
Rabi crops.
o This covers a significant 83403.85 ha., i.e., 41.47
percent of the cultivated area.
o The AES has immense scope for diversification.