Transcript PowerPoint プレゼンテーション

Analysis of Sustainable Transport Use
by Information Services
The 2nd International Conference
on Sustainability Engineering and Science
February 20th-23th, 2007
Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland
K. Nakazawa, H. Ueda, T. Hashitani
Fujitsu Limited
H. Tsurumi, M. Takaoka
Rikkyo University
Background: CO2 emission in Japan
Commercial Residential
Sector
Industrial
& Other Sector
Processes 4%
13%
16%
Energy
Industry
Sector 7%
Private car
49.4%
Transport
1,259 million-t Sector
21%
CO2 emission
Truck for
Private 18.5%
Truck for
Business 16.2%
Waste 2%
Industrial Sector
37%
Ship 5.3%
Air 4.2%
Train 2.9%
Bus 1.8%
Taxi 1.8%
CO2 emission from each sector in Japan and CO2 emission from
each type of transport in the transport sector.

Use of private cars → Sustainable transport use
Inconvenient due to insufficient transport information!
1
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Objective

To shift transport users to sustainable transport
1. Selection of an information
device and a method for providing
environmental information
2. Analysis of the importance of
environmental information
provided to transport users
3. Demonstration experiment
providing environmental
information via mobile phones
2
Web-based
questionnaires
related to information
services
Conjoint analysis
from questionnaire answers
at an event hall
Between a terminal
station and an event
hall in Tokyo
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Device and method to provide information

Selection of an information device and a method for
providing environmental information

Web-based questionnaire
Q. How do you usually use mobile devices to receive information
and decide a transport route?
Number of respondents and age groups.
Respondent's number
Component ratio
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Age
1,089
538
551
100
100
100
Teens
31
16
15
2.8
3.0
2.7
Twenties
248
93
155
22.8
17.3
28.1
Thirties
427
189
238
39.2
35.1
43.2
Forties
261
153
108
24.0
28.4
19.6
Fifties
90
59
31
8.3
11.0
5.6
Sixties
32
28
4
2.9
5.2
0.7
3
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Web-based questionnaire: results
0%
20%
Laptop
computer
PDA
60%
80%
0%
10%
20%
Using commuter ticket
19.0%
50%
60%
15.3%
Using telephone & fax 0.5%
Transport route
guidance system
74.4%
Advice from persons 2.7%
Private car only
40%
4.5%
Using pamphlet & map
4.0%
30%
15.7%
Already known
18.8%
Mobile
phone
Don’t have
mobile
devices
40%
54.7%
6.1%
Others 0.6%
Type of methods in deciding
a transport route.
Type of mobile devices for
receiving information.
Providing environmental information using a transport route guidance
system via mobile phone would be more effective!
4
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Selection of place and data collection

Selection of a place (transport route)
and collect related to data in a demonstration experiment
Conditions of demonstration experiment
1. Destination visited for leisure, because users were
not expected to change the transport route to the
commuting route.
2. A site that has more competing forms of transport,
so that the influence of providing information related
to different transport routes could be examined.
5
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Place for demonstration experiment
Event hall
(Tokyo Big Sight)
Terminal station
(Hamamatsucho station )
【Route 1】
Train A (JR line) → Train B (Rinkai line)
【Route 2】
New transport system (Yurikamome line)
【Route 3】
Monorail (Tokyo monorail) → Train B
【Route 4】
Marine transport system (Water bus)
【Route 5】
City bus (Toei bus)
【Route 6】
http://www.bigsight.jp/english/access/index.html
Taxi
6
All Rights Reserved, Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 2007
Place for demonstration experiment
Event hall
(Tokyo Big Sight)
Terminal station
(Hamamatsucho station )
【Route 1】
Train A (JR line) → Train B (Rinkai line)
【Route 2】
New transport system (Yurikamome line)
【Route 3】
Monorail (Tokyo monorail) → Train B
【Route 4】
Marine transport system (Water bus)
【Route 5】
City bus (Toei bus)
【Route 6】
http://www.bigsight.jp/english/access/index.html
Taxi
7
All Rights Reserved, Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 2007
Place for demonstration experiment
Event hall
(Tokyo Big Sight)
Terminal station
(Hamamatsucho station )
【Route 1】
Train A (JR line) → Train B (Rinkai line)
【Route 2】
New transport system (Yurikamome line)
【Route 3】
Monorail (Tokyo monorail) → Train B
【Route 4】
Marine transport system (Water bus)
【Route 5】
City bus (Toei bus)
【Route 6】
http://www.bigsight.jp/english/access/index.html
Taxi
8
All Rights Reserved, Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 2007
Place for demonstration experiment
Event hall
(Tokyo Big Sight)
Terminal station
(Hamamatsucho station )
【Route 1】
Train A (JR line) → Train B (Rinkai line)
【Route 2】
New transport system (Yurikamome line)
【Route 3】
Monorail (Tokyo monorail) → Train B
【Route 4】
Marine transport system (Water bus)
【Route 5】
City bus (Toei bus)
【Route 6】
http://www.bigsight.jp/english/access/index.html
Taxi
9
All Rights Reserved, Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 2007
Place for demonstration experiment
Event hall
(Tokyo Big Sight)
Terminal station
(Hamamatsucho station )
【Route 1】
Train A (JR line) → Train B (Rinkai line)
【Route 2】
New transport system (Yurikamome line)
【Route 3】
Monorail (Tokyo monorail) → Train B
【Route 4】
Marine transport system (Water bus)
【Route 5】
City bus (Toei bus)
【Route 6】
http://www.bigsight.jp/english/access/index.html
Taxi
10
All Rights Reserved, Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 2007
Place for demonstration experiment
Event hall
(Tokyo Big Sight)
Terminal station
(Hamamatsucho station )
【Route 1】
Train A (JR line) → Train B (Rinkai line)
【Route 2】
New transport system (Yurikamome line)
【Route 3】
Monorail (Tokyo monorail) → Train B
【Route 4】
Marine transport system (Water bus)
【Route 5】
City bus (Toei bus)
【Route 6】
http://www.bigsight.jp/english/access/index.html
Taxi
11
All Rights Reserved, Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 2007
Place for demonstration experiment
Event hall
(Tokyo Big Sight)
Terminal station
(Hamamatsucho station )
【Route 1】
Train A (JR line) → Train B (Rinkai line)
【Route 2】
New transport system (Yurikamome line)
【Route 3】
Monorail (Tokyo monorail) → Train B
【Route 4】
Marine transport system (Water bus)
【Route 5】
City bus (Toei bus)
【Route 6】
http://www.bigsight.jp/english/access/index.html
Taxi
12
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Data collection for six transport routes
Duration, fare, and CO2 emission for six kinds of transport routes.
Route 1 Train A → Train B
Route 2 New transport system
Route 3 Monorail → Train B
Route 4 Marine transport system
Route 5 City bus
Route 6 Taxi
Duration (min)
Fare (Yen)
CO2 emission (g)
34
35
28
37
39
19
470
370
450
400
200
2,500
245
262
181
383
780
2,310
＊1 NZD ≒ 85 Yen

Environmental information
→ CO2 emission per a passenger of each transport route
Environmental impact caused by CO2 emission in
transport sector is the most important factor!
13
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Analysis of transport information

Analysis of the importance of environmental information
provided to transport users

Conjoint analysis
Conjoint analysis is a survey method that projects consumer actions
concerning tangible specifications of products by having them evaluate a
specific product profile.

Questionnaires at an event hall
Number of respondents / age groups. Attributes and levels in conjoint analysis.
Age
Male
Female
Twenties
61
55
Thirties
62
53
Forties
83
37
Fifties
83
20
Sixties
25
16
Total
495
Levels
Attribute
Duration
20 min
30 min
40 min
Fare
¥200
¥350
¥500
CO2 emission
400g
800g
－
14
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Procedure of conjoint analysis
３０
min
Duration
Fare
２００
Yen
CO2 emission
８００
g
Duration
２０
min
Duration
Fare
３５０
Yen
CO2 emission
８００
g
４０
min
Duration
Fare
２００
Yen
CO2 emission
４００
g
Duration
min
Duration
Fare
５００
Yen
CO2 emission
８００
g
２０
min
Duration
Fare
５００
Yen
CO2 emission
４００
g
４０
min
Duration
Fare
３５０
Yen
CO2 emission
４００
g
Duration
４０
３０
min
Fare
３５０
Yen
CO2 emission
４００
g
３０
min
Duration
Fare
５００
Yen
CO2 emission
４００
g
４０
min
Duration
Fare
３５０
Yen
CO2 emission
８００
g
２０
min
Fare
２００
Yen
CO2 emission
４００
g
４０
min
Duration
２０
min
Fare
５００
Yen
Fare
３５０
Yen
CO2 emission
４００
g
CO2 emission
４００
g
12 types of cards based on the design of the experiment method.
Respondents: Arranging 12 cards into a desirable transport route
Questionnaire answer: Analysis by using a conjoint analysis software
15
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Conjoint analysis: results
70
Utility at each level and
importance of each attribute.
Utility
20 min
1.45
30 min
0.14
40 min
-1.59
20
¥200
1.54
10
¥350
0.11
¥500
-1.65
400g
0.52
800g
-0.52
s
Si
xt
ie
s
fti
e
Fi
rt
ie
Fo
en
tie
Tw
18.7%
Environment
s
0
s
40.3%
30
tie
41.0%
40
s
Fare
50
Level
Th
ir
Duration
Importance
60
Importance (%)
Attribute
Duration
Fare
Male：Environment
Female：Environment
Importance of transport information in selecting
transport routes for different age groups.
・Importance of environmental information rose with older respondents.
・Females tended to select sustainable transport by providing
environmental information rather than males.
16
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Development of software for mobile phones

Development of transport route guidance system for
mobile phones
The guidance system can provide transport information
about the duration, fare and amount of CO2 emission!
17
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Display images of environmental information
＜Route 1＞
Train A
→ Train B
HH:MM → HH:MM
MM min
\470
CO2:245g
＜Route 2＞
New transport system
HH:MM → HH:MM
MM min
\370
CO2:262g
＜Route 3＞
Monorail
→ Train B
HH:MM → HH:MM
MM min
\450
CO2:181g
＜Route 4＞
Marine transport system
HH:MM → HH:MM
MM min
\400
CO2:383g
＜Route 5＞
City bus
HH:MM → HH:MM
MM min
\200
CO2:780g
＜Route 6＞
Taxi
HH:MM → HH:MM
MM min
\2,500
CO2:2,310g
The system can display an illustration corresponding to
the amount of CO2 emission caused by transport routes!
18
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Demonstration experiment

Demonstration experiment to provide transport
information via mobile phones to actual transport users
Select a
desirable
transport route
Transport route
guidance system
Train
Bus
Taxi
Transport information
via mobile phone
・Duration ・Fare
Water bus
・CO2 emission
19
Event hall
(Tokyo Big Sight)
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Procedure of demonstration experiment
1.The respondents gathered in a meeting room, and
we explained how the transport route guidance system
works.
2.The respondents operated the transport route guidance
system and decided a transport route.
3.The respondents actually traveled from the terminal
station to the event hall.
4. After the respondents arrived at the event hall, they
answered questionnaires.
20
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Selection of transport route
0.0%
Route 6 0.0% Taxi
City bus
37.0%
10.0%
Route 5
Marine transport system
Route 4 7.0%
15.0%
Monorail → Train B
Route 3
9.0%
15.0%
New transport system
Route 2
33.0%
42.0%
Train A → Train B
26.0%
Route 1
0
10
20
6.0%
30
40
50
Without transport route guidance system
0
10
20
30
40
50
With transport route guidance system
Percentage of transport routes selected by the respondents.
Providing the transport information increased the ratio of selecting
Route 5 (City bus), because the fare of that route was the cheapest
among the six routes!
21
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Transport information in route selection
1.0%
Duration
9.0%
21.0%
7.0%
11.0%
Fare
8.0%
Transportation image
14.0%
12.0%
Number of transfers
6.0%
34.0%
3.0%
Walking distance
48.0%
26.0%
Others
Environment
Without transport route guidance system
With transport route guidance system
Percentage of transport information that the respondents referred to.
・No guidance system: The ratio of transport route selected based on
the transportation image was large.
・With guidance system: Transport users tended to decide the
transport route based on the fare provided as transport information.
22
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Summary

Environmental information through the transport route
guidance system via mobile phones would more
effectively promote sustainable transport use.

Conjoint analysis showed the possibility of improving
sustainable transport use by providing environmental
information, in particular to older females.

Most respondents selected the route based on the
transportation image, and they tended to decide the
route based on the fare by using the guidance system.

It was suggested information services including
environmental information would promote transport
users to sustainable transport.
23
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24
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