Transcript Click to edit Master title style Master title style

NORA and the development of
institutional repositories in Norway
Arne Jakobsson
University of Oslo Library
Library of Medicine and Health Sciences
Letter to the UHR’s member
institutions 25.01.05 on Open access
to scientific articles
”… the Norwegian Association of Higher Education
Institutions (UHR) recommends that their member
institutions:
• Set up and develop institutional repositories which
will give an accurate illustration of the research
carried out at each institution and which will make
access to this research available to all via the
Internet
• Cooperate with other institutions with regard to a
collective publishing archive
Letter to UHR’s member institutions
25.01.05
• Adopt guidelines recommending that authors publish
their scientific articles in parallel, i.e. publish their
scientific articles both in scientific journals and in the
institutional repository
• Contribute to solutions which ensure that the
repositories are closely connected with the existing
cooperative systems for research documentation
(FRIDA/ForskDok)
Student assignments are not included
in the letter from the UHR!
• Universities and university colleges should make
compulsory the deposit of student assignments
connected with vocational studies and at
major/master level in the institutional repository
Not enough with declarations!
• When the UHR letter was sent out in January 2005 to the
various universities and university colleges there were only 3
active repositories in Norway
– Oslo
– Trondheim
– Bergen
• The recipients did not really know how to proceed
• Repositories require competence and continuity
– The library is the natural host
• Libraries have a role in developing and supporting
mechanisms which make the transition to open access
publishing by
– establishing and managing institutional repositories
– promoting open access journals
Not enough with declarations!
• Repositories are no longer a technological issue
– Online storage costs have dropped significantly;
repositories are now affordable
– Standards like the Open Archives Initiative - Protocol for
Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) are now in place
– Open source and commercial software platforms are
available for an institution wishing to develop an institutional
repository. (DSpace, GNU E-Prints, Fedora,
OpenRepository and many others)
• The challenge consists of managerial, organizational
and cultural issues
Rapid development in Norway
10 local repositories with almost 9000 fulltext documents:
• Agder University College (35)
• Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) (764)
• Hedmark University College (200)
• Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (506)
• Norwegian School of Economics and Business
Administration (BORA) (1343)
• Norwegian University of Science and Technology (DIVA)
(570)
• Norwegian University of Life Sciences (62)
• University of Bergen (BORA) (1227)
• University of Oslo (DUO) (3724)
• University of Tromsø (MUNIN) (267)
Rapid development in Norway
• 5 out of the 6 universities in Norway have now
established repositories
• 3 university colleges have established repositories
• 2 research institutions have established repositories
• The university colleges and BIBSYS have taken the
initiative in developing a common solution for
establishing repositories for institutions connected
with BIBSYS (BIBSYS Brage)
• Hopefully, the Norwegian Electronic Health Library
(Helsebibliotek.no) will develop an institutional
repository for the entire health sector
Different technical solutions
• DSpace
– Bergen, Tromsø and BIBSYS Brage
• DIVA
– Trondheim
• Local development
– Oslo
• OpenRepository
– Norwegian Electronic Health Library
• Non OAI-PMH compliant systems
– 2 research institutions
Different focuses/priorities
• Student theses
– Oslo
• Dissertations
– Trondheim
• Journal articles
– Bergen
• Institutional research reports
– Geological Survey of Norway
– Norwegian Defence Research Establishment
You have to prioritize
what your institution wants you to prioritize!
NORA – Norwegian Open Research
Archives
• The NORA project is a collaborative project between
universities and university colleges in Norway,
aiming to facilitate national search services for selfarchived research material
• The project is also concerned with advocacy issues
regarding open access and the establishment of
institutional repositories in Norway
• Financed by the Norwegian Digital Library at the
Norwegian Archive, Library and Museum Authority
• First project meeting 6th April 2005
NORA project team
•
University of Oslo Library – project manager
– NORA developed and operated by University of Oslo, IT-department (USIT)
•
University Libraries
–
–
–
–
•
University College Libraries
–
–
–
–
–
•
•
Bergen
Oslo
Tromsø
Trondheim
Agder
Hedmark
Bodø
Telemark
Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration
BIBSYS (from 2007)
The National Library of Norway (from 2007)
Common metadata model for
institutional repositories in Norway
• The base of the model is the Dublin Core metadata model
– The Nora project has selected eleven out of the fifteen original elements in
the Dublin Core Element Set as part of the Norwegian metadata model
– These have been chosen as vital in any bibliographical description of
scientific documents and therefore are many of the elements mandatory to
register.
– So far the project group has standardized the following elements in the
metadata model:
• Language (ISO 639-2)
• Date formats (MMDDYYYY)
• Personal names
• Publishers’ names
• Subject category system
• Document type
• Resource type
Common subject category system
• The Norwegian Nomenclature for Scientific Programmes was
chosen as the common indexing system
– Covers all subject areas and consists of three levels
– Used by the Norwegian Current Research Information System FRIDA
• A large proportion of the documents in NORA are indexed by
using the Norwegian Nomenclature for Scientific Programmes
– If you choose a word at Level 1 or Level 2, your search will automatically
check all the subdivisions.
– You can choose more than one search term
• Searching/Browsing using the common index terms opened
December 2006
– Possible to search for documents within a specific subject, across all
participating institutions
OAI-PMH harvester
• NORA has developed an OAI-PMH harvester
– Harvests and validates metadata to ascertain quality of metadata
in local repositories
– Data that differs from the metadata standard are either normalized,
or the data suppliers are notified and allowed to correct their
metadata
• even if the data come from many different sources they will
look consistent to the user
• NORA assists local repositories to facilitate for
metadata harvesting
• If NORA can harvest the local repository, other
search services can also harvest the repository
NORA national search service for
repositories in Norway
• Development of the NORA search system
– Oslo University IT-department (USIT)
• User interface design
– Norwegian University of Science and Technology
• Simple search opened 20th June 2005
– 2,5 months after the start of the project
• Advanced search opened September 2005
– traditional bibliographical search or an approach similar to Google
• the Google approach was chosen
NORA is searchable through other
portals
• NORA is searchable through other portals
– Http-search
– SRU/SRW will be developed
• BIBSYS Mime
– http://mime.bibsys.no
Local responsibility
• All Norwegian repositories are invited to participate,
but they must finance their own local development
• As soon as a new repository is launched it will be
harvested by NORA
The local institutional repository:
– Must be OAI-PMH compliant (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting)
– Must follow the collaborative metadata model
– Must have objects in fulltext or other formats
FRIDA integrated with the local repositories
at the universities
• FRIDA is the Norwegian research documentation system and it
is compulsory for scientific staff members to register their
production (articles) in FRIDA
• It is a great challenge to persuade scientific staff members to
deposit documents in the institutional repository
– The local repositories should capture journal articles through the local
CRIS (FRIDA/ForskDok)
• Researchers should only have to deal with one system
• Self-archiving of scientific journal articles though FRIDA with
automatic transfer of the metadata and full text to the local
repository at the university in Bergen, Oslo, Trondheim and
Tromsø opened 1st of December 2006
Voluntary or mandatory self-archiving
• As yet only the University of Oslo has decided to
make deposition compulsory
– From 2007 it will be mandatory for all postgraduate students at the
University of Oslo to submit their theses electronically
Advocate open access in Norway
• The NORA Open Access Window is to be the central
web site for scholarly communication in Norway, for
students, researchers, librarians and decisionmakers
– www.openaccess.no
• The NORA Open Access Window is complementary
to the international Sherpa-list
Capture documents from small
institutions
• Small institutions do not have the resources to
establish a local repository
– NORA will develop an OAI-PMH editor that generates XML-files to
NORA
• The fulltext version can be published on an institutional web
page
In conclusion
A rapid development within Norway!
NORA has made an important contribution!