Transcript Oral Presentation Skills

Presentation Skills
Objectives:
• By the end of the session, participants will be able
to…
– Know different types of body language and
their advantage in a presentation,
– Apply the 3 A’s in preparing content for a
presentation,
– Develop visual aids that reflect good
instructional design properties,
– Know some tips on graphics, and
– Respond to questions in an effective manner.
Oral Presentation Skills
Oral Presentation Skills
Outline
Planning
Preparation
Practice
Performance
Questions
Planning

Who are you talking to?
 Why are you talking to them?
 How long have you got?
 What story are you going to tell?
Preparation

Outline and sketch slides
 Prepare slides
 Proof read
 Prepare notes brief keywords and phrases, except
maybe first couple of paragraphs
Preparation - Outline
1 - 2 minutes per slide
Generic 15 min Conference Presentation
Title Slide (1) Title, author, affiliation, acknowledgements
Rationale (1-2) Why this is interesting
Methods (1-2) What you did
Results (2-4) What did you find and what does it mean
Summary (1) One thing you want them to remember
Preparation - Slides
Use Images & Graphics
Relevant images communicate,
and maintain interest
Preparation - Slides
Use Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Preparation - Slides
Use Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Preparation - Slides
Use Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
Preparation - Slides
Use Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
Use large sans serif fonts
Helvetica or Arial rather than serif fonts like Times
24 pt is minimum, 32
pt, or even 36 pt is better
Preparation - Slides
Use Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
Use large sans serif fonts
Mix upper and lower case
ALL CAPITALS IS HARDER TO READ,
ALTHOUGH IT MIGHT BE OK FOR THE
ODD TITLE
Preparation - Slides
Use Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
Use large sans serif fonts
Mix upper and lower case
Use colour to highlight text
Use high contrast colours for important lines, symbols or text,
and lower contrast colours for less important lines, symbols
or text. But use a small number of colours
Preparation - Slides
Use Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
Use large sans serif fonts
Mixture upper and lower case
Use colour to highlight text
Keep figures simple
Show means, sd, effect size statistics, but not test statistics
Y axis (units)
80
*
60
40
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
Condition
6
7
8
Preparation - Slides
Use Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
Use large sans serif fonts
Mixture upper and lower case
Use colour to highlight text
Keep figures simple
Thick lines and large symbols
20
Y Axis (units)
r = 0.89
15
10
Participant 2
5
0
20
30 40 50 60
X Axis (units)
70
Preparation - Slides
Use Images & Graphics
Minimise text & numbers
Light text on dark background
Avoid distracting backgrounds
Use large sans serif fonts
Mixture upper and lower case
Use colour to highlight text
Keep figures simple
Thick lines and large symbols
Progressive disclosure
Practice
Practice, practice, practice
Get feedback, and use it.
Be ruthless - delete unnecessary information
Performance
Don’t Apologise
Speak loudly & clearly
Use short simple sentences
Avoid jargon & abbrev.
Vary pitch, tone, volume, speed and pauses
Performance
Avoid distracting mannerisms
Relax, be enthusiastic
Make eye contact
Keep an eye on the time remaining
Performance
Explain figures, and
point to important aspects
Give a clear and concise summary,
then stop.
Don’t go overtime. Ever.
Questions
Anticipate likely questions and
prepare extra slides with the answers
Maybe even plant a stooge
Questions
Paraphrase questions
1. so that other people hear the question
Questions
Paraphrase questions
1. so that other people hear the question
2. to check you understand the questions
Questions
Paraphrase questions
1. so that other people hear the question
2. to check you understand the questions
3. to stall while you think about an answer
Questions
If you don’t know the answer, say so.
Offer to find out.
Ask the audience.
NEVER argue with a member of the audience.
Questions
•
•
•
•
•
Look at the questioner.
Remain neutral and attentive.
Listen to the whole question.
Pause before you respond.
Address the questioner, then move your
eyes to others.
• What are the characteristics of
an ideal presenter?
General Competencies
• Interpersonal Communication
• Professionalism
• Practice-Based Learning & Improvement
Eye Contact
• Never let them out of your sight.
• Looking them in the eye makes them feel
that they are influencing what you say.
• Eye contact allows the presentation to
approximate conversation—the audience
feels much more involved.
Body Language
NO-NO’s
•
•
•
•
•
Lean on or grip the podium
Rock or sway in place
Stand immobile
Use a single gesture repeatedly
Cross your arms in front of your chest
Body Language
NO-NO’s
• Lean into the microphone
• Shuffle your notes unnecessarily
• Tighten your tie or otherwise play with your
clothing
Voice
• Voice Intelligibility
– Articulation
– Pronunciation
– Vocalized pauses
– Overuse of stock expressions
– Substandard grammar
Voice
• Voice Variability
– Rate of speech
– Volume
– Pitch or tone
– Emphasis
Podium Panic
• For some people, the thought of giving a
presentation is more frightening than falling
off a cliff, financial difficulties, snakes and
even death.
Dealing with Podium Panic
•
•
•
•
Audiences are forgiving
Nervousness is usually invisible
Be yourself
Practice deep breathing/ visualization
techniques
• Begin in your comfort zone
Dealing with Podium Panic
• Check out the room in advance
• Concentrate on the message
• Begin with a slow, well prepared intro; have
a confident and clear conclusion
• Be prepared and practice
Content
• 3 A’s
• Analyze your AUDIENCE.
• Define what ACTION you want them to
take.
• Arrange your ARGUMENT to move them.
Analyze Your Audience
• What are their names, titles, backgrounds,
reasons for attending, etc…?
• What are their big concerns?
• What are their objectives, fears, hot buttons,
and attitudes?
Analyze Your Audience
• What is their perception of you and your
institution?
• What are their questions likely to be?
• What is personally at stake for them?
• How much detail do they need?
Define What Action
• What action do you want the audience to
take?
• Define it in terms of the audience.
• What will they feel, believe, and do after
hearing your talk?
Arranging Your Argument
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Shake hands with the audience.
Get to the point.
Present your theme.
Develop your agenda point by point.
Summarize and recommend.
•Visual Aids
• Remember the KISS rule: Keep It Short
and Simple. Your slides should include the
key points only, with one idea per slide.
A good rule of thumb is to have about one
slide per minute. A 15 - to 20-minute
presentation would have about 20 slides
maximum.
Follow the “6 x 6” rule:
• Use about six words per line, six lines per
slide (excluding the title).
• Keep a consistent look throughout your
presentation. Use the same font, size,
color, and capitalization format.
Design Concepts
• Big
• Simple
• Clear
Big
• Should be able to read everything from the
back row
• At least 28 pt, preferably 36
Simple
• No more than 6 lines
• No more than 7 words per line
Clear
• Clip art should add to the content
• Use a different background only to
emphasize one slide
• Arial or Helvetica
• Blue background with yellow text
• Avoid overuse of red, shadows, animation
and transitions
• Beware of busy backgrounds
Font Size
• Always use a font large enough to be seen
by all audience members. Use 32- to44point for titles and no smaller than 28-point
for the text or bulleted items.
•TIPS ON GRAPHICS
Adding photos
DO
Don’t
Explanations of technical terms.
Avoid using complete sentences.
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Avoid using complete sentences.
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Follow the “6 x 6” rule:
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Always use large font
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Keep a consistent look
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Use short, strong statements
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Use simple graphs
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Always use data labels.
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Keep labels horizontal
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Six slices in pie charts
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3-4 Thick Lines in Line Charts
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When use a table, remember
the “6 x 6” rule:
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Remove all superfluous gridlines
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Place data source beneath your
graph.
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Use two-dimensional graphs
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Avoid border areas; maintain
enough “white space”
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Always label your y-axis
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Position the text parallel to the
bars.
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For stacked bars
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