Transcript Document
Quality Afterschool Programs
How Do You Know When You Have Them? A
Youth Development Perspective!
Eddie Locklear
4-H Afterschool Director
National 4-H Council
Objectives
Participants will:
• Increase knowledge of youth
development concepts
• Increase knowledge of essential elements
of youth development
• Learn strategies to achieve youth
development outcomes
NSACA (NAA) Standards
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Human Relationships
Indoor Environments
Outdoor Environments
Activities
Safety, Health, Nutrition
Administration
SACERS Categories
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Space and Furnishings
Health and Safety
Activities
Interactions
Program Structure
Staff Development
Special Needs Supplementary Items
Required Elements of Quality Child
Care, School-Age Care, and Out-ofSchool Programs for Older Youth
and Teens
Experiences to Promote
Physical, Cognitive, Social, Emotional
Development of Children/Youth and
Strengthen Family Relationships
Caregiving Experiences
that:
- Nurture
- Guide
- Protect
- Meet Basic Needs
Care
Educational
Experiences to
Promote Learning
Quality Child Care,
School-Age Care,
and Out-of-School
Programs for Older
Youth and Teens
Source: Cooperative Extension System Extension “Cares” for America’s Children and Youth Initiative March, 2001
What Is Youth Development?
The natural process of developing one’s
capacities
Occurs through youth’s daily experiences
with people, places, and environment
Too important to be left to chance
Positive Youth Development
An intentional process that promotes
positive outcomes
Provides opportunities, relationships, and
the support to fully participate
Youth development takes place in
families, peer groups, schools, afterschool programs, neighborhoods and
communities
Important Changes In Young
Peoples’ Lives
Biological and Physical
Cognitive
Psychosocial
Important Needs of Youth
Physiological
Safety and Structure
Belonging/Membership
Closeness/Relationships
Competency/Mastery
Independence/Control of one’s life
Self Worth/Contribution
Capacity to enjoy life
Competencies Needed By Youth
Health/Physical
Personal/Social
Cognitive/Creative
Vocational/Citizenship
Developmental States
in Different Domains
Children can be in different
developmental stages in each
developmental area.
Source: Cooperative Extension
System. Extension "CARES" for
America's Children and Youth
Initiative, August, 2002.
Developmental Stages of
Children and Youth
Degree of Child Self-Regulation
Higher
Lower
Early Adulthood
Late Adolescence
Early Adolescence
Middle Childhood
Early Childhood
Source: Cooperative Extension System
Extension "CARES" for America's Children and Youth
Initiative, August, 2002.
Infancy
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Child's Age in Years
Contextual Influences on Youth
Family
Peers
After-School Program
School
Community
Work
Leisure
Essential Elements of Youth
Development
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A positive relationship with a caring adult
Safe physical and emotional environment
Opportunities to master skills and content
Opportunities to practice service to others
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Source: Prepared and Engaged Youth; National 4-H Impact Assessment
Project, 2001; USDA; CSREES
Essential Elements of Youth
Development
• Opportunities for self-determination, decisionmaking and goal setting
• Opportunities to be an active, engaged learner
• A positive connection with the future
• An inclusive atmosphere
Source: Prepared and Engaged Youth; National 4-H Impact Assessment
Project, 2001; USDA; CSREES
Key Elements Involve Four
Concepts
Belonging
Mastery
Independence
Generosity
Belonging
Positive Relationship with a caring adult
An Inclusive environment
A safe environment
Mastery
Engagement in Learning
Opportunity for Mastery
Independence
Opportunity to see oneself as an active
participant in the future
Opportunity for self-determination
Generosity
Opportunity to value and practice service
to others
All Youth will find ways to:
Meet Their Basic Needs
Build Skills and Values
Use their skills, talents, energies and time
in ways that make them feel good and
powerful
All Youth Need:
To know they are cared about by others
To feel and believe they are capable and
successful
To know they are able to influence people
and events
To practice helping others
Fun and stimulation
If Belonging and Mastery Needs
are Unmet:
Unattached
Guarded
Rejecting
Lonely
Aloof
Isolated
Distrustful
Non-achiever
Avoids Risk
Fears challenges
Unmotivated
Gives Up Easily
If Independence and Generosity
Needs Are Unmet:
Submissive
Lacks confidence
Irresponsible
Helplessness
Undisciplined
Easily influenced
Selfish
Narcissistic
Hardened
Anti-Social
Exploitative
If Belonging and Mastery Needs
are met in Negative Ways:
Gang Loyalty
Craves
Affection &
Acceptance
Promiscuous
Clinging
Overly-Dependent
Overachiever
Arrogant
Risk-seeker
Cheater
Workaholic
Perseveres
Delinquent Skills
If Independence and Generosity
Needs are met in Negative Ways:
Dictatorial
Reckless
Bully
Sexual Prowess
Manipulative
Rebellious
Defies Authority
Overly involved
Plays Martyr
Co-dependent
If Belonging and Mastery Needs
are met in Positive Ways:
Attached
Loving
Friendly
Intimate
Social
Cooperative
Trusting
Achieving
Successful
Creative
Problem-solver
Motivated
Persistent
Competent
If Independence and Generosity
Needs are met in Positive ways:
Autonomous
Confident
Assertive
Responsible
Inner Control
Self-Disciplined
Leadership
Altruistic
Caring
Sharing
Loyal
Empathic
Pro-social
Supportive
The Circle of
Meeting Youth Needs
Behavior or
Characteristic
Impacts
Type of Response
Need
Met
or
Unmet
Response - Increases
Characteristic or
Behavior
• Youth characteristics
and behaviors impact
whether they will get
needs met in new
situations.
• Adult responses to
needs impact
development of
characteristics and
behaviors in youth.
Youth Outcomes
• Competence
Advanced skills in some important subjects of interest
• Character
Clear, consistent moral precepts that effectively guide
behavior
• Caring
Willingness to respond to the needs and concerns of
others
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Youth Outcomes
• Confidence
Willingness to take on new challenges and expect
success
• Connections
Establishing and maintaining relationships at many
levels
• Contributions
Making a difference in the lives of others through
service
Summary
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Youth / Adult Interactions
Appropriate Activities
Safe Environments (physical & psychological safety)
Developmental Stages of Youth
Inclusive of Education, Youth Development, and Care
Address the Head, Heart, Hands, & Health of Youth
Resources:
• Eccles, J., & Gootman, J.A. (2002).
Community programs to promote youth
development. Washington, D.C. National
Academy Press. Available at:
http://books.nap.edu/books/0309072751/html/1.html
• Kress, C.A. (2004). Essential Elements of 4-H Youth
Development. CSREES, USDA, Washington, DC
• www.nsaca.org
• www.cyfernet.org
• www.4hafterschool.org
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Resources:
• www.afterschoolalliance.org
• afterschool.org (Promising Practices in
Afterschool)
• www.kcyouthnet.org/standards1.asp
• www.reeusda.gov/extensioncares/
• www.schoolagenotes.com/S101.html
• www.gse.harvard.edu/hfrp/projects/
afterschool/about.html
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Resources:
• Prepared and Engaged Youth: National 4-H
Impact Assessment Project, 2001. USDA,
CSREES, Families, 4-H & Nutrition,
Washington, D.C.
• After-School Programs & the K-8 Principal.
Standards for Quality School-Age Child Care
Revised Edition (1999). National Association
of Elementary School Principals, 1615 Duke
Street, Alexandria, Virginia. 22314-3483.