Transcript Document

Chapter 27
Geography
(New Zealand)
CONTENTS
Section I The Land
Section II The People
Section III Maori and Maori Culture
I. The land
1. The Name of the Country
2. Location and Size
3. Landforms
4. Climate
5. Unique Fauna and Flora
6. The North Island
7. The South Island
8. Steward Island
9. Natural Resources
10.Forestry
11.Fishery
I . The land
1. The name of the country
given by the Dutch explorers
 Staten Land by Abel Tasman
 Nieuw Zeeland by later explorers:
The new land is similar to Zeeland (a province in
Holland)
2. Location and size
1) the largest island of Polynesia
2) in the south Pacific Ocean, 34-470 s.
3) the third largest country in Oceania
4) total area: 270,534 Km2
–Japan, California, British Isles
5) a country of islands
a. two main islands: North and South islands
b. Steward Island: 3rd largest
c. many small scattered islands
d. just west of the International Date Line
--the first major country to get the new day
3. Landforms
Diversity of physical geography
a. wide variation in landscape
glaciers, fiords, mountains, plains, hillsides, forests, plateau, beaches
b. Mountains: 1/5 of North Island & 2/3 of South Island
volcanoes:

Ruapehu the highest

Mount Egmont (west)

Mount Cook (the highest mountain)
c. Coastline
15,000 Km-long
a) North Island
 Sandy beaches:
the Far North and most of the East Coast
 Dark sandy beaches:
the West Coast
b) South Island
 beautiful sandy beaches: the north
 wild and rugged beaches: the rest
d. Southern Alps
accessible to mountaineers and hikers
a) Tasman glacier (the largest)
b) Franz Josef and Fox (the West Coast of South Is.)
The Map of New Zealand
4. Climate
Maritime dominated by two geographical
features
1) the mountains
2) the sea
 mild temperature
 moderate rainfall
 abundant sunshine
4. Climate
 Seasons are opposite to those in the
northern hemisphere
1) Spring (Sep-Nov):
from cold and frosty to warm and hot
2) Summer (Dec–Feb):
high temperatures and sunshine
3) Autumn (Mar-May):
cool
4) Winter (June-Aug):
cold and more rain
5. Unique Fauna and Flora
 Native birds and plants
Long time isolation has helped the evolution of the unique
fauna and flora.
,
Birds don’t fly.
National bird: Kiwi
Famous birds: moa (wingless), kakapo (the rarest and
heaviest parrot), tuatara (living fossil, the only beak-headed
reptile), kea (native parrot), weka, takahe, tui, and morepork
owl
Rainfall and Sunshine
A large number of native trees
The most famous tree: a kauri called Tane Mahuta
1) named after the Maori god of the forests
2) 51 meters tall, 13 meters in girth, and 2,000 years old
A great variety of ferns
The Silver Fern:
one of New Zealand’s official symbols
6. The North Island
A. Size
114,500 Km2, smaller than the South
B. Population distribution
vastly populated,
temperate, sub-tropical climate
C. Landscape
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
volcanoes,
forests peaks lakes
vineyards
harbors
beaches
6. The North Island
D. Tongariro National Park
the oldest N.P. and mountainous (three volcanoes)
 Tongariro
 Ruapehu (the highest peak)
 Ngauruhoe
(for Mt. Doom in Lord of the Ring)
E. Rivers and lakes
1) Waikato: the longest 425 Km
2) Lake Taupo: the largest lake
6. The North Island
 Distinctive features:
1) geothermal power in the central and northern parts of the North
2) Rotorua-Taupo: the largest one ,
3) hot springs and geysers,
4) electricity station: Waitakei
 Nine provincial districts
1) Northland, Auckland, Waikato, Taranaki, Hawkes Bay,
Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, Gisbone
2) Auckland: the largest city (the City of Sails)
3) Wellington: the national capital
Lake
River
Auckland—the City of Sails
7. South Island
A. Size
150 000 square km,
Known as Te Wai Pounamu (Water of Greenstone)
B. Landforms

peaks, glaciers, lakes rivers, limestone landscapes,
rainforest, coastline,

Mount Cook ( 3,754 m): the highest peak

Glacial activities: Ten Anau, Wakatipu
resulted in the formation of lakes
C. Residence :
967,900 (2006), not densely populated
D. Seven districts
E. The largest city:
Christchurch (Garden City)
Mountains
8. Steward Island
1) Insulated by remoteness
2) a haven for tranquility and adventure
3) Rakiura National park
4) the western coast:
a. cliffs
b. beaches
5) the eastern coast::
a. sheltered inlets
b. Paterson Inlet:
the largest
9. Natural resources
Main resources:
coal, gold, natural gas, iron ore, silver, petroleum,
aggregate, limestone and clay
Coal and gold are the most important.
Coal
a. the largest energy resource,
b. 8.6 billion tons recoverable
c. mainly in South Island
Gold in Otago, South Island
II. The people
1. Population and Nations：
1) 2006 census :4.14 million,
2) 75% the North( 86% in cities),
3) 80% Pakeha (the European white)
2. Language Spoken
1) English (common and everyday language)
2) Maori (50,000 Maoris)
3) Other languages (immigrants)
3. Religion: a Christian country
1) Christian (Anglican, Catholic, Presbyterian, Roman
Catholic, other protestants): more than half
2) Buddhist, Moslems, Maori Church (Ratana and
Ringatu )
4. Principal Cities
1. Wellington
2. Auckland
3. Christchurch
4. Dunedin
5. Queenstown
6. Rotorua
Wellington: the Capital
Auckland: the Largest City
 1.2 million population
 Among the best in the world:
harbor, islands, Polynesian culture and modern city
environment
Christchurch: Garden City
1) Population: 481,400
2) The largest city in the south Island
Dunedin: the best preserved
1) The capital city of Otago
2) Otago University: the oldest of New Zealand
Queenstown
1) Population: 20,000
2) the most famous travel destination
3) Magnificent scenery, adventure opportunities
and luxury lifestyle
Rotorua
1) Population: 68,000
2) The center of Maori culture in North Island
3) Geothermal activities, volcanic landscape, living
Maori culture and hot springs
5. New Zealander’s Lives
A. Families and Households
a. Proportion of families (2001):
35% one child, 17.7% three children, more and more
single-parent families
b. Marriage declining, and divorce rate rising
c. 2/3 of New Zealanders own houses
80% of private dwellings: detached, single-family,
larger
Some have a second or more houses.
B. Health care
a. Improved since 1950s
b. Life expectancy (2006): 78 male & 82 female
c. Restrictions on smoking in many public places
imposed in 1990.
d. Local medical centers
e. Public and private hospitals
f. Doctors: private practitioners
g. Most prescription medicines:
partly charged,
C. Education
a. Start school (public or private) at 5
b. Free primary and secondary education:
from Age 5 to 19;
Compulsory from Age 6 to 16.
c. Tertiary education:
polytechnics, colleges, and universities
d. Education based on Maori culture & values.
D. Welfare
a. 1st cradle-to-grave welfare state
by Labor Party in the 1930s
b. Universal welfare scrapped
by Labor Party in 1984
c. New Zealanders still enjoy
high level of social welfare.
III. Maori and Maori Culture
1. Indigenous people of New Zealand
1) First arrival by voyaging canoes
from Hawaiki over 1,000 years ago,
2) 9% of the total population
3) a major impact
2. Maori culture:
Rich and varied
with a tradition of mythology and oral history
3. Unique protocol: marae, ceremonial touching of noses
4. Born dancers:
The famous haka and poi
Exercises
I.
Choose the correct answer and circle the
letter before it
II. Questions for discussion
III. Explain the following in English
Exercises
I. Choose the correct answer and write the related
letter on the blanks.
1. The climate in New Zealand is ____, dominated by two
main geographical features—mountain and sea.
A. maritime B. continental C. tropical D. temperate
2. Spring in New Zealand lasts from __ to __.
A. Jan., Mar B. Sep., Nov. C. Feb., May D. Oct., Dec
3.One distinctive feature of Northern Island is its ____.
A. highland B. lowland
C. geothermal power D. plain
4. The largest city in the South Island is ____, known as
Garden City.
A. Christchurch B. Dunedin C. Queenstown D. Rotorua
5. __ and __ are the most important natural resources in
New Zealand.
A. Water, gas B. Gas, coal C. Coal, gold D. Iron, copper
Exercises
6. ____ are the indigenous people of New Zealand.
A. The Maori
B. American Indians
C. Anglo-Saxons
D. The British
7. Both ___ and ____ are official languages.
A. English, French
B. English, Chinese
C. English, Spanish
D. English, Mauri
8.There are two main islands in New Zealand which are
separated by ___ Channel.
A. Cook B. English
C. Dover
D. Suez
9.The largest city in New Zealand is _____.
A. Wellington B. Christchurch C. Auckland D. Queenstown
10. Education in state primary and secondary schools is free
from Age __ to __.
A. 5,15
B. 6, 18
C. 6,19
D. 5,19
Exercises
II. Answer the following questions in one or
two sentences.
1. What are the two most important factors
that dominate the climate of New Zealand?
2. What natural resources is New Zealand
blessed with?
3. Who were Maoris? Where did they come
from?
4. What is the state examination in New
Zealand?
5. What is the difference between the private
and the public schools?
III. Explain the following in English.
1. Cook Strait
2. The kiwi
3. International Date Line
4. Maori
Thank you!