Transcript Standard 10.9 Review - Valley View High School

Standard 10.9 Review
2011-2012
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Nuclear Weapons
• The U.S. detonated its first nuclear weapon in
1945.
• The Soviet Union detonated their first nuclear
weapon in 1949.
• How many years passed between?
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Yalta
• United States, United Kingdom (Great Britain),
and Soviet Union
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Cold War Causes
• Proliferation of nuclear weapons and
technology
• Communism vs. Democracy
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Soviet Union
• Soviet goals for establishing control over the
governments in Eastern Europe
– Promote the spread of Communism to other
countries
– Rebuild its economy using materials and
equipment from Eastern Europe
– Protect Soviet borders and balance U.S. influence
in Western Europe
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Truman Doctrine
• Motivated by the
“domino theory”, the
U.S. gave military aid to
North African countries
after WWII to fight
communism.
• Justification for Korean
War and Vietnam War.
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Marshall Plan
• In an effort to prevent an economic downturn
in Europe after WWII, the U.S. offered
European countries assistance with the
Marshall Plan.
• Italy and France received economic aid from
the U.S. to rebuild their nations after WWII.
• The U.S. used economic power in an attempt
to limit the ability of the Soviet Union to
influence countries there.
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Containment
• Truman Doctrine and
Marshall Plan were
both part of
containment policy.
• Primary strategy of
containment was
giving aid to keep a
country
independent.
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Japan
Kobe,
Japan
• Post-WWII Allied reconstruction effects
– Japan became more of a western society
– Japan became an industrial and manufacturing
leader by the mid-1970s
– Japan became an economic and financial leader
by the 1960s
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Third World Countries
• U.S. provided backing for wars of revolution
• Used the CIA for spying and assassination
attempts
• Built schools and set up programs to combat
poverty
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Vietnam
• The U.S. went into Vietnam due to the policy
of containment.
• Considered a microcosm of larger Cold War
because the U.S. and Russia supported
opposite sides in an effort to gain regional
influence
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Chile
• Cold War policies caused the U.S. to back
military dictator Pinochet instead of freely
elected Allende.
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China
• Mao’s Red Army was strong due
to public support for Mao’s
proposed land reform.
• The U.S. supported the
Kuomintang (KMT) over the
Communist Party because they
were the legal anti-communist
government.
• Mao Tse-tung introduced The
Great Leap Forward in order to
speed up economic growth.
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China 2
• Tiananmen Square Uprising marked the
beginning of a government campaign to stamp
out protest in China.
• A major goal of China’s Cultural Revolution
was to glorify workers while intellectuals were
prosecuted
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Poland-1950s
• 1950s protests against communism resulted in
getting the right to follow its own socialist
path in exchange for remaining loyal to the
Warsaw Pact.
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Brezhnev Doctrine
• After putting down the Hungarian Uprising
following the death of Josef Stalin, the Soviet
Union instated the Brezhnev Doctrine.
• Czechoslovakia in 1968 tried to rebel and was
put down by Soviet military.
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Middle East
• Palestinians, Jews,
and Arabs all claim
the same region of
the M.E. as their
current homeland
because all three lay
claim to a previous
residence in the
region.
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Israel
• Partitioning of Palestine was done in part due
to post-WWII sympathy for Jews
• Israel was established to give Jewish refugees
a place to go and call their own
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Democratization in the Soviet Union
• Mikhail Gorbachev
began reforms that led
to a gradual opening of
the political system and
finally its collapse.
• Policies of perestroika
and glasnot led to loss
of control of the media
which hastened the
collapse of the Soviet
Union
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Soviet Command Economy
• Inferior to Western free market systems
– Little production of consumer goods
– Most industry owned by state with little incentive
to run more efficiently
– Unable to make rapid changes
• Kremlims tried to keep up with U.S. military
spending
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Organizations
• OAS
– Purpose was to protect weaker Latin American
countries in Western Hemisphere from Soviet
influence
• CENTO
– Great Britain and the U.S.’s plan to stop the spread
of communism in eastern Asia
• SEATO
– South Asia plan to stop communism
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Democracy vs. Communism
• NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
– Against communism
• Warsaw Pact
– Response to NATO: against democracy
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United Nations
• Main goal is peace, human dignity, and
welfare.
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