Transcript Housing the Criminally Mentally Ill Offender

Ending the Cycle of
Homelessness and
Incarceration Through
Supportive Housing
Grantmakers in Health
November 17, 2006
Carla I. Javits, President and CEO
Andy McMahon, Senior Program Manager
Corporation for Supportive Housing
Corporation for Supportive Housing
Our Mission
CSH helps communities create
permanent housing with services to
prevent and end homelessness.
CSH Products and Services
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High-quality advice and housing development
expertise to assist project sponsors
Loans and grants to assist in the creation of
supportive housing
Training and capacity building to strengthen the
supportive housing industry
Public policy reform to make it easier to create and
operate supportive housing.
Results of Our Work
 Raised over $221 million to expand supportive
housing nationwide
 Leveraged over $1 billion in federal, state, and local
public and private sector financing for capital,
operating, and service dollars
 Trained thousands of people to develop, manage, and
operate supportive housing
 Committed nearly $119 million in loans and grants to
support the creation of 17,318 units of supportive
housing, with an additional 11,882 units in the pipeline
now
Results of Our Work
The units in operation have ended
homelessness for at least 21,000 adults
and children
The Intersection of
Health,
Homelessness,
and Incarceration
Complex Needs of Ex-Offenders
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Every year, more than 650,000 people are released
from prison, and more than 7 million different
people are released from jail.
An estimated 42% of inmates in state prisons and 49%
in local jails were found to have both a mental health
and substance use issues.
More than one in three jail inmates report some
physical or mental disability.
Complex Needs of Ex-Offenders
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In 1997, individuals released from prison or jail
accounted for nearly 25% of all people living with HIV or
AIDS, 30% of people with Hepatitis C, and 30% of
those diagnosed with tuberculosis.
Three out of four have a substance abuse problem
More than 10 percent of those coming in and out of jail
and prison are homeless in the months prior to
incarceration.
Intersection: Mental Health and
Corrections
Mental Health and Correctional Trends Since 1970
1,600,000
1,400,000
Number in Institution
1,200,000
Persons Receiving Treatment in the State
Hospitals
1,000,000
Persons Receiving Treatment in the Private
Hospitals
Persons Receiving Psych Care in Gen
Hosp
800,000
Persons in Custody in Jail
600,000
Persons in Custody in Prison
400,000
200,000
0
1970
1976
1980
1986
1990
Year
1998
2000
2004
Why Should We Care?
“Million Dollar Murray” Phenomenon
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Richard B. is an actual case study from Chicago, Illinois
– 42 years old and has a combined 21 years of homelessness
– 3,758 days in a mental health/hospital setting during that time
– 399 days in jail (This includes only 6 years of available data)
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The Cost of Richard B.’s Homelessness
– 3758 State Hospital Days $400 a day
$1,503,200
– 399 Jail Days
$
$70 a day
27,930
– TOTAL
$1,531,130
Average Annual Cost for Richard
$
72,910
Why Should We Care?
Example of Crisis System Costs – Columbus, OH
$1,800
$1,590
$1,600
$1,400
$1,200
$1,000
$800
$600
$451
$400
$200
$0
$30.48
$70.00
$59.34
$25.48
Supportive
Housing
Jail
Prison
Shelter
Mental
Hospital
Hospital
Returning Home
An initiative to integrate systems
and end homelessness for
frequent users of jail and shelter
Central Premise of Returning Home
Thousands of people with chronic health conditions
cycle in and out of jail, shelter and the streets, and
they are ill-served by the corrections and shelter
systems at great public expense.
Placing these people in supportive housing will
improve life outcomes for the tenants, more efficiently
utilize public resources, and likely create cost savings
in crisis systems like jail and shelter.
Returning Home Highlights
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Began in Spring 2006
Funded largely through $6 million grant from
Robert Wood Johnson
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Primary focus on Los Angeles, Chicago, and New
York City
Additional work in Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio,
Rhode Island, and Minnesota
$2.4 million to be re-granted to partners “on the
ground”
Advisory Board Co-Chaired by Justice Evelyn
Stratton of the Ohio State Supreme Court and
Martin Horn, Commissioners of Corrections, New
York City
Returning Home Key Strategies
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Assisting state and local government in identifying the
population with high recidivism rates that could benefit from
supportive housing.
Collaborating with government agencies and partner
organizations to change public policy and promote more
effective and efficient programs to serve ex-offenders.
Providing technical assistance to developers and providers
who create supportive housing for ex-offenders.
Returning Home Key Strategies
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Developing models for reinvestment of criminal justice
resources into supportive housing.
Conducting a comprehensive evaluation to document
expected cost savings.
Convening key leaders from various fields to share lessons
learned and best practices.
Collaborating with various stakeholders to attract additional
philanthropic and government investments.
Returning Home Goals and Outcomes
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Creating 1,000 units of critically needed supportive
housing for ex-offenders
Improving financial integration and policy coordination
among corrections, housing, and human service
agencies
Developing successful supportive housing models
tailored to ex-offenders
Returning Home Goals and Outcomes
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Documenting decreased recidivism rates for exoffenders living in supportive housing
Demonstrating cost savings in participating correctional
systems
Demonstrating on a national scale the power of
supportive housing as a solution to the complex needs of
ex-offenders with chronic health and mental health
conditions
On-the-Ground
Examples
Los Angeles
New York
Chicago
Los Angeles
$1.5 Million Pilot Program with the LA County Sheriff’s Department
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Direct investment to support the integration of
corrections, housing, and human services
Trained social workers to do jail “in-reach” to identify
inmates with serious mental illness who could benefit
from supportive housing
Create a network of supportive housing providers to
collaborate with corrections staff to place the target
population into supportive housing upon release
Provide time-limited rent subsidies for each inmate in the
program to provide short-term stability
Chicago
St. Andrew’s Court
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42 units of supportive housing, 30 for homeless exoffenders with disabilities and 12 for parolees.
 Includes integrated financing from HUD McKinney
Homeless grants, Low-income Housing Tax Credits, IL
Dept. of Human Services, IL Dept. of Corrections, and
others.
 Conducts “in-reach” into correctional facilities to
provide a smooth transition into supportive housing.
 Delivers tailored, comprehensive support services to all
residents, including mental health, substance abuse,
and employment services.
New York City
Frequent Users Service Enhancement (FUSE) program
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Pilot program to increase collaboration between the Department of
Homeless Services and the Department of Corrections.
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Serves 100 frequent users of both systems.
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More than 3,500 frequent users have been identified.
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Targeted outreach underway to engage them and place them in
supportive housing.
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A network of providers created to engage and house the frequent
users.
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Multiple sources of financing, including Section 8 rental subsidies
and NYC Mental Health services.
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Investment from the JEHT Foundation for a “service enhancement.”
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Through evaluation, FUSE hopes to demonstrate cost effectiveness
and replace foundation funding with DOC resources.
Opportunities for
Philanthropic
Involvement
Opportunities for Philanthropy
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Investing in research and evaluation work to
demonstrate the efficacy of this approach
Investing in innovative program models designed to
integrate financing mechanisms to serve people with
chronic health conditions who cycle between jail and
shelter
Investing in pilots and demonstrations focused on
cross-agency collaborations
Supporting systems capacity through investment in
intermediaries that facilitate partnerships and promote
public policy reform and program integration