Transcript GET EXCITED (OR AT LEAST PRETEND)!!

GET EXCITED (OR AT LEAST PRETEND)!!
Meet your teams!
Question
• Who is Andrew Johnson? Why is he imporant?
Answer
• He was Lincoln’s Vice President. He took over
Presidential Reconstruction after Lincoln was
killed. He was impeached by Congress and
then lost control of Reconstruction as a result.
Question
• What is “Reconstruction?”
Answer
• It is the rebuilding of the South after the Civil
War.
• Socially: Civil Rights laws
• Politically: New state governments
• Economically: Rebuilding cities and factories
Question
• Who were the Radical Republicans?
Answer
• They were a faction in congress that believed
that the South should be punished and that
the US government should use its power to
produce sweeping changes in the South, such
as giving Freedmen equal rights.
• This group was able to wrestle control of
Reconstruction from Pres. Johnson and
controlled it for the rest of the period.
Question
• What is the Wade-Davis Bill?
Answer
• It was a bill that was introduced in Congress as
a reaction to Lincoln’s easy terms for letting
the Southern states back into the Union.
• It demanded loyalty oaths from 50% of a
state’s population.
• It also demanded that these oaths be “ironclad.” This meant that one could not have
helped the Confederacy in any way.
• Lincoln killed the bill by refusing to sign it.
Question
• What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
Answer
• It was a government agency that was created
to smooth Freedmen’s transition from slavery
to freedom.
Question
• What were Black Codes?
Answer
• These were laws that were passed by new
governments of Southern States early in
Reconstruction.
• These are different then Jim Crow laws which
came after Reconstruction.
• These laws sought to directly re-enslave African
Americans without directly making them slaves.
• In response, the federal government dissolved
these state government and cancelled the Black
Codes, forcing the 13th-15th amendments on the
Southern states.
Question
What is the 13th Amendment?
Answer
• No more slavery.
Question
• What is the 14th Amendment?
Answer
• African Americans are citizens of the United
States and should be treated equally by the
law.
Question
• What is the 15th Amendment?
Answer
• African American males have the right to vote.
Question
• What is a “Carpetbagger?”
Answer
• This is a white Northerner who came south
after the war to help with Reconstruction.
• Many Carpetbaggers worked for the
Freedmen’s Bureau, in state and local
governments, or held office in the South.
Question
• What is sharecropping? How did it “reenslave” many African Americans?
Answer
• Sharecropping was an arrangement between
former slave and former master. The freedmen
rented land on his master’s plantation. He paid
his rent at the end of the year by giving his
master a share of his crop.
• The master supplied his tenants with the seed
and materials they needed each spring, allowing
them to go deep into debt.
• This allowed the masters to use local law
enforcement to force labor and obedience over
the share-croppers.
Question
• What was the Klu Klux Klan?
Answer
• It was a society of ex-Confederate soldiers
organized around the idea of white
supremacy.
• It turned into a terrorist organization, which
tried to frighten African Americans on election
days to keep them at home.
Question
• What is a “Redemption Government?”
Answer
• These are the governments that were elected
after the collapse of Reconstruction and the
withdrawal of federal troops from the South in
1877.
• Theses governments promised to “redeem” the
glory of the South which had been lost in the Civil
War.
• These governments largely resembled the
governments that had voted the South out of the
Union before the war.
Question
• Who is Rutherford B. Hayes?
Answer
• He was the Northern Republican candidate for
the presidency in 1876.
• He tied the Southern Democrat candidate.
• He agreed to withdraw federal troops from
the South and end Reconstruction in exchange
for the presidency.
Question
• What is the Compromise of 1876 (or 1877)?
Answer
• Rutherford B. Hays was the Northern
Republican candidate for the presidency in
1876.
• He tied the Southern Democrat candidate.
• He agreed to withdraw federal troops from
the South and end Reconstruction in exchange
for the presidency.
Question
What is Presidential Reconstruction?
Answer
• It was the plan for rebuilding the South when
it was under the control of the presidents,
Lincoln & Johnson.
Question
• What is Congressional (or Radical)
Reconstruction?
Answer
• It was the plan to rebuild the South when the
faction in Congress, the Radical Republicans,
was in control.
Question
• What is the Amnesty Act of 1872?
Answer
• It granted a general pardon to all who served
in the Confederate government or army.
• It allowed these people to begin voting and
holding office again.
• This lead to the election of Redemption
Governments and the adoption of voting
restrictions and Jim Crow laws.
Question
• What were Jim Crow laws?
Answer
• Laws that sought to segregate, or separate
whites from blacks in public spaces, such as
trains and hotels.
Question
• What were some of the challenges the U.S.
faced in rebuilding the South after the Civil
War?
Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
Who is in charge? (both North and South)
Cities and factories in ruins
What happens to the slaves?
Violence against African Americans
Question
• Explain Lincoln’s 10%. What were its key
features?
Answer
• 10% of a state’s population must sign a loyalty
oath.
• Loyalty Rule vs. Majority Rule (only those who
have signed a loyalty oath can vote or hold
office)
• Freedmen’s Bureau
• 13th Amendment
Question
• How is “loyalty rule” different from “majority
rule?”
Answer
• Loyalty Rule: Only those who have signed a
loyalty oath can vote or hold office. This
means those who are elected do not fit the
will of the people.
• Majority Rule: Everyone who is eligible can
vote and whoever gets the majority wins. This
means that those who are elected fit the will
of the people.
Question
• Explain the pro’s and con’s of Lincoln’s
Reconstruction
Answer
Pro’s
Con’s
Question
• Describe the services offered by the
Freedmen’s Bureau to Freedmen.
Answer
•
•
•
•
•
Provide Employment
Build Churches and Schools (also run them)
Negotiate contracts with employers
Protect newly acquired rights
Separate courts to provide fairer justice.
Question
• What laws are associated with Congressional
(or Radical Reconstruction)?
Answer
•
•
•
•
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
Reconstruction Act
Enforcement (KKK) Act
Question
• What is the Enforcement Act of 1871 and
what effect did it have on Reconstruction?
Answer
• It committed federal troops to enforcing
Freedmen’s right to vote.
• This allowed the U.S. government to go after
the KKK, which tried to keep Freedmen on
Election Day.
• This allowed African Americans to elect
politicians sympathetic to their cause. This
allowed a lot of changes to be made in the
South.
Question
• What is Reconstruction Act of 1867 and what
effect did it have on Reconstruction?
Answer
• It divided the South into 5 military districts
governed by a general.
• This treated the Southern states as conquered
territories.
• This allowed Radical Republicans to demand
changes to the constitutions of Southern states
before they were let back into the Union.
• This is probably a large reason why the 14th and
15th Amendments were ratified.
Question
• What was “Black Rule” why was this so
upsetting to many Southerners?
Answer
• It was the belief held by many white Southerners
that African Americans were taking over every
level of government and they would use this new
power to hurt their former oppressors.
• This belief was held under Lincoln, when exConfederates were not allowed to vote or hold
office. Once general amnesty was declare, the
pent up anger over “black rule” lead to the
creation of Redemption Governments and Jim
Crow laws.
Question
• Why was the Panic of 1873 an important
step in the collapse of Reconstruction?
Answer
• Because many Northern Whites did not like
the idea of losing their jobs to cheaper
Freedmen labor.
• This lead to a sharp decline in support for
Reconstruction in the North.
Question
• How did Grant’s administration contribute to
the collapse of Reconstruction?
Answer
• He was the president during the time of
Radical Reconstruction. He enforced many of
the sweeping laws that were pasted during
this time.
• His administration has such trouble with
corruption that he lost his credibility with the
public. It became hard for him to enforce the
increasingly unpopular laws.
Question
• Explain different methods that were used to
stop African Americans from voting.
Answer
1. Poll Tax
2. Terror (night riding, KKK)
3. Literacy Tests
Question
• Explain the outcome of the Plessey vs.
Ferguson trial. What is “Separate but equal?”
What effect did this have on African
American rights?
Answer
• Plessey v. Ferguson was an important Supreme
Court decision.
• Plessey decided to challenge segregation on
trains.
• He also wanted to test the 14th Amendment
promise that the laws should apply equally to
everyone.
• The Supreme Court said segregation was okay,
because it is possible to be “separate, but equal.”
• This led to 50 more years of segregation in the
South.