Reconstruction - Teaching American History in South Carolina
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Transcript Reconstruction - Teaching American History in South Carolina
Reconstruction
The Destruction of the War
Presidential
Reconstruction
Abraham Lincoln
Wartime acts
Emancipation Proclamation*
War still in doubt
Fugitive slaves
Slaves boost Confed. Cause
Northern morale
Public opinion
France and Britain
Morality
Presidential
Reconstruction
Lincoln - 10% Plan*
10% loyalty oath
Abolish slavery
Northern opposition
Wade-Davis Bill*
50% Ironclad oath
13th Amendment
Presidential Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson*
General pardon
Col. M.F. Pleasants*
Voting = state issue
Secession illegal
Repudiate Confed.
debt
Abolish slavery
Why?
Black Codes*
Control
Disregard federal govt.
Fear black retaliation
Labor supply
Racism
Examples:
Freedmen no testify vs. whites
Vagrancy laws
Taxes
Whipped
Blacks called “servant”, whites called “master”
Johnson’s declining popularity
Memphis riot*
Disputes with Congress
Freedmen’s Bureau
Civil Rights bill
14th Amendment
1866 Civil Rights Act
1866 14th Amendment
Citizenship for all persons - regardless of race - born or
naturalized in US
Forbade states from abridging privileges of citizens
Guaranteed due process of the law
Equal protection of the law
“Swing Around the Circle”*, 1866
Congressional Reconstruction
Radical Republicans
Who were they?
Thaddeus Stevens, PA
Charles Sumner, MA
What were their goals?
Protection of freedmen and supporters
Full citizenship of freedmen
Win conservative support
Some extreme views
Strip Southerners of citizenship
Confiscate land
Congressional Reconstruction
The Stevens Plan*
Federal officials
supervise elections
Blacks vote
Whites stripped of
citizenship
Congressional Reconstruction
1867 Congressional Reconstruction Act
5 military districts
Military make arrests, trials
Military directs constitutions
Not extremely radical
Johnson Impeachment
Impeachment of Johnson
Radical crusade
Failure:
Bring down presidential office
Lack of clear crime
Successor = Ben Wade
Lawyers
Johnson quiet
Reconstruction Laws & Acts
1870 15th Amendment
Forbade states to deny any citizen the right to
vote on grounds of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude
Decline of the
Radicals
Small in number
Johnson quiet
Radicals divided
Trouble staying in
office
Death
U.S. Grant
Scandals: political
appointments, favors
to businessmen and
railroads
New Leadership in the South
Grant presidency
Northern military
Freedmen’s Bureau
Carpetbaggers,
scalawags, black
politicians
1870, Union restored
Black politicians
22 Congressmen
Too few for great
impact
Republican Reconstruction
Positive aspects:
Public education
Efficiency of government
Public buildings, roads, manufacturing
Social services (orphanages, hospitals, welfare)
Capital/investment
Political democracy
Republican Reconstruction
Decline 1870s
Other concerns
Corruption, depression
Colfax Massacre
U.S. v. Cruikshank
“Compromise of 1877”
Dem. – Samuel J. Tilden, NY
Rep. – Rutherford B. Hayes, OH
Hayes wins, 185-184
Republicans withdraw N support
Legacy of Reconstruction
“America’s unfinished revolution”