Transcript PowerPoint 프레젠테이션

STEP and its applications in
manufacturing
공장자동화연구실
장양자
2000/02/10
Contents
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STEP (STandard for Exchange of Product model data)
Feature Extraction
Design For Manufacturing (DFM)
CAPP
STEP-NC
Manufacturing Information Models
A Scheduling System Using STEP Enabling Technology
Conclusion
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공장자동화연구실
STEP
• Standard for exchanging and sharing product data
– Uniform product data representation in the product life cycle
– Complete product description in a neutral format to be exchanged
• Its modeling language, EXPRESS & EXPRESS-G
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공장자동화연구실
STEP Parts
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공장자동화연구실
Application Protocol (APs)
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공장자동화연구실
Application Protocol (AP)
Development Phases
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공장자동화연구실
STEP and Research Areas
Feature
Extraction
CAD
DFM
DFA
CAPP
STEP
-NC
CAM
MPCS
Product Data in STEP
ECM
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공장자동화연구실
Feature Extraction
• Trends
– Geometry as design information
– Form feature as manufacturing information
• The integration key to the CAD/CAPP/CAM, feature
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Form features
Assembly features
Material features
Tolerance features
Functional features
• Feature-based design
• Feature recognition
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– Recognize machining features from low level geometric entities of
product design to facilitate process planning and manufacturing
activities
공장자동화연구실
Feature Extraction Process
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[3] M. P. Bhandarkar et. al. Computers in Industry 41 (2000)
공장자동화연구실
Design For Manufacture (DFM)
• Consider manufacturing early in the design process to
improve quality, reduce cost and decrease time-to-market
• Evaluate the manufacturability of the product design based
on manufacturing process knowledge
• Require both product and process models
• To enable collaborative multi-enterprise DFM, standard
information models of manufacturing process capabilities
must be made available
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공장자동화연구실
Manufacturing Information Model
• IMPPACT by ESPRIT project, 1991
– Factory Model: Model for the facilities such as machine tools,
fixtures, robots
– Process Model: processes, operations
• Manufacturing Resource Model by Kimura, 1991
– Machine tools, jigs, fixtures, control devices, communication
equipment, materials, buildings and human resources
• ISO/TC184/SC4/WG8, 1992
– Generic and implementation-oriented standards that enable
enterprises to document resources and entire manufacturing
processes, Resource Usage Management
• Model Oriented Simulations Engineering System (MOSES)
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– Manufacturing model
공장자동화연구실
Manufacturing Information Model for
DFM
STEP
Product Models
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Design process
Manufacturing tasks
Manufacturing
Information Models
Task clarification
Material and process
selection
Generic
Conceptual Design
High-level
Process planning
Facility
Embodiment Design
Manufacturing process
Capability evaluation
Process
Detailed Design
Product/process
Specific evaluation
Station
[2] R.E. Giachetti, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (1999)
공장자동화연구실
Schema of Manufacturing Model
Manufacturing firm
Manufacturing process specification
Dynamically
Described by
Physical manufacturing
process model
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Enabled by
Manufacturing
resource
Characterized by
Manufacturing
process capabilities
[2] R.E. Giachetti, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (1999)c
공장자동화연구실
EXPRESS-G of the Factory Level
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[2] R.E. Giachetti, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (1999)
공장자동화연구실
[9] Computer Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems
STEP and SFC
• Functions of a shop floor control
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공장자동화연구실
[9] Computer Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Process Plan Representation
• Recursive structure of ISO process plan representation
model
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공장자동화연구실
[9] Computer Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Process Plan Representation
Form feature graph
STEP file
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공장자동화연구실
[9] Computer Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Form Feature Based On-line Planning
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공장자동화연구실
[9] Computer Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems
On-line Process Planning
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공장자동화연구실
STEP-NC Seminar 2000
ISO6983
format for positioning, line motion
( Data
)
and contouring control systems
머신코드 형태의 파트프로그램
- 코드의 판독이 어려움
- 작업 흐름 판독이 어려움
- 부분 수정이 어려움
CNC 운영
- 가공중 정지 및 가공재개가 어려움
- 공구수명완료 및 공구파손시의 가공지령
재구성, 부분가공이 어려움
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공정계획 정보 유실
- 공작물 셋업 및 공구 형상에 고정된
축동작
- 현장이상상황 대처에 어려움
Shop floor 와의 인터페이스
- DNC 에서 지원하는 기능에 제한
- G-code 정보로 인터페이스
제어기 하드웨어 구조에 의존함, 사용자를 배제한 폐쇄적인 구조
이기종 제어기 간에 파트 프로그램의 교환이 어려움
공정 계획 파트와 인터페이스 능력 부재
고속 및 다축가공에 부적합
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공장자동화연구실
STEP-NC Seminar 2000
STEP과 ISO14649
• ISO6983의 문제점들을 해결하기 위한 새로운 인터페
이스 표준 제정(ISOTC184 SC1)
• 현재 CD version ( DIS  확정)
• 밀링, 윤곽가공, 선반, 연마, 와이어방전가공, 방전가
공기, RP
CAM
CAD
PDM
STEP Product
Database(s)
ERP
CAE
ISO 14649
MRP
CNC
milling
turning
grinding
EDM
etc.
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공장자동화연구실
STEP-NC Seminar 2000
ISO14649
• STEP의 정보 교환방식을 수용, 확장된 제어문 정의
• 이를 채용한 NC 제어기의 구조나 기능이 제시되지 않은 상태에서
ICS (Information Contents & Semantics)에 치중:
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CAD 정보를 변환 없이 사용 가능
파트프로그램의 용이한 수정 가능
구조적이고 계층적인
인터페이스
CD/ DIS,
March, 1999문법 보유
공정계획 파트로의 정보 전달 가능
New Interface ISO 14649
2 1 /2 D Features
Freeform
surfaces
references
STEP Part 203
3D Designs
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CD/DIS, March, 1999
ISO 10303 (STEP)
uses
features from
uses
STEP AP 224
Machining features
STEP Part 11
Express
STEP Part 21
clear text
encoding
공장자동화연구실
STEP-NC Seminar 2000
ISO14649 ICS의 구성
A. Main program
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work_plan
DESCRIPTION
workplan_item
workpiece
PATH
TYPE
toolpath_list
manuf_feature
CONST
working_step
VAR
region
rapid_movement
FUNCTION
ALIAS
a2_12_mfg_feature
milling_workingstep
EVENT
CHANNEL
shoulder
freeform_
a2_12_D_
PROGRAM
workingstep
workingstep
pocket
{
CONST
hole
shoulder_mfg_data
VAR
referencing
BEGIN
groove
pocket_mfg_data
….
hole_mfg_data
END
}
groove_mfg_data
FUNCTION
referencing
{
referencing
BEGIN
C. Tool description
….
D. Geometry description
END
ID
string |
}
Type kind_of_tool
contour
contour_type
Dim
tool_dimension
tool
length_measure
Teeth integer
surface
tool_position
가공절차 기술
– 정보 파일의 구성
– 가공피쳐 (Workingsteps)순서
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가공방법 기술
– 가공피쳐 (Workingsteps)정의
– 가공방법, 가공조건 지정
– 공구경로 지정 (옵션)
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공구정보 기술
– 공구 형상/특성
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B. Technology description
형상정보 기술
– 가공피쳐의 형상 정보
attribute 지정
optional attribute
상속관계
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A
B A가 B를 소유
simple type symbol
entity
type symbol
공장자동화연구실
STEP-NC Seminar 2000
ISO14649 인터페이스 시나리오
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인터페이스 코드 프로그래밍
– 파트 형상정보의 추가
– 공정계획 정보의 추가
– STEP을 통한 정보 호환
Conventional control
– G-code 변환 및 가공 실행
New control
– 공구경로 해석 및 실행
New intelligent control
– 자동 공구경로 생성 및 수정
– 자동 공구 선정
– 자동 절삭조건 제공
– 자동 공구 접근 및 빠짐 경로 생성
– 자동 가공영역 계산
– 이상 상태 감지 및 복구
– 가공 상태 및 결과 피드백
New
intelligent
control
New
control
Conventional
control
G-code
interpreter
Intelligent
functions
Post
processing
ISO14649 Interpreter/Referencing
feedback
ISO14649 - Milling
EIU
AP203 AP224
Main
program
Geometry
AP213
Technology
Tool
Part 2 Part 3
Tool path
STEP IR
CAD DB
CAD kernel
STEP IR
ISO 13399
CAPP DB
CAPP kernel
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공장자동화연구실
CAM DB
CAM kernel
STEP-NC Seminar 2000
Interface of Intelligent STEP-NC
CAPP kernel
CAD kernel
CAPP DB
CAD DB
STEP IR
AP203 AP224
STEP IR
AP213
CAM kernel
CAM DB
ISO 13399
Part 2 Part 3
Tool path
STEP based New Programming Language (ISO 14649)
MMI
Task
Planning
Task
Execution
Task
Monitoring
Soft Bus (CORBA)
NCK
PLC
Embedded
Kernel
Configuration
Layer
Runtime
Environment
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공장자동화연구실
STEP-NC Seminar 2000
ISO 14649 - NC Program 개요 (Part 1)
• Object-oriented 개념을 도입
Project file
PROG = "c:\demo\NcFile.prg"
plan = "c:\demo\Examp1.dat"
geo = "c:\demo\Examp1.stp"
reference
reference
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– Main program file
– Technology description
– Geometry description
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Main program file
…
If( var1 > 0 )
var2 = “string”;
else
flag = TRUE;
…
exec plan.drilling_hole1;
…
Technology description
…
drilling_hole1 = spot_drilling_manuf_data(
its_id = 'drilling_hole1',
its_secplane = plane1
its_feature = hole1,
its_tool = drill_12mm,
its_technology = techno_drill2,
its_machine_functions = mach_fkt_1,
retract_plane = plane2);
Geometry description
…
DATA;
…
#71 = POLYLINE((#21,#25));
#81 = CONTOUR((#70,#71,#72,#73));
#301 = LENGTH_MEASURE(12.000);
…
ENDSEC;
END-ISO-10303-21;
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공장자동화연구실
STEP-NC Seminar 2000
Feature graph
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피쳐 단위의 가공공정의 흐름 표현
순차, AND, OR 관계의 표현
FBCC 내부의 공정계획 표현
7
3
1
5
6
An example shape
2
4
Feature list
1. Facing
2. Pocket
3. Hole
4. Hole
5. Open pocket
6. Open pocket
7. Hole
5
SO
1
JO
5
2
Start
7
2
SA
6
JA
JA
SA
7
3
Feature graph
4
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공장자동화연구실
End
STEP-NC Seminar 2000
기술에 따른 공정변화
Monitoring
• 적용 전
CAD
CAPP
CAM
DNC
Machining
Operation
Finished
Part
Process plan
• 적용 후
Tool path generation
ISO 14649
CAD
Machining Operation
Finished
Part
Monitoring System
Setup & Inspection
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공장자동화연구실
STEP-NC Seminar 2000
STEP-NC Summary
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STEP-NC: ISO14649 부문
– CAD/CAPP/CAM과 다양한 CNC application을 대상
– CAD/CAM 도메인과 CNC를 연결시킴으로서 상위 정보와 shop floor 정보
의 information highway 개통 의의
– IMS Project의 일환으로 Aachen 대학을 중심으로 현재는 문법의 제정 단계
– 수년내에 ISO14649는 새로운 CNC 표준언어로 확정 확실시
•
STEP-NC: 제어기 부문
– ISO14649 정보를 활용하면 다양한 지적기능을 보유하는 자율제어 시스템
구축가능
– 개방형 제어구조가 권역별로 제시되고 구현되고 있는 단계
– ISO14649 정보에 기반한 지적제어기는 아직 미답의 연구과제
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파급효과 및 대응 (국제적인 기술경쟁력 확보)
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CAD/CAM 시스템에의 ISO14649 포용 필요
CNC 제어기의 ISO14649 판독 능력 필요
ISO14649에 기반한 지적제어기의 구현에 관한 연구 필요
적극적인 International Interface 필요
방대한 연구: 산학연의 연구 개발과 국가적인 정책 배려 필요
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공장자동화연구실
Scheduling System for IC Packaging Industry Using STEP Enabling Technology
Overview of the scheduling process
WIP
Report
Schedule
Report
Production
System
Status
Calculate Daily
Scheduling
Quantity
Orders
Arrange Orders
In Sequence of
Due Date
Pre-schedule
Orders
Forecast
Capacity
Production
Planning
Setup Data
Calculate Actual
Released
Quantity
Schedule
Releasing Orders
Machine
Setup Advice
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Worker Need
Advice
Revised
Due Date
Released
Orders
Unreleased
Orders
[1] Thu-Hua Liu et. al. IEEE Trans. On Component …-Part C. Vol. 20, 1997
공장자동화연구실
Scheduling System for IC Packaging Industry Using STEP Enabling Technology
Product Data Model
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[1] Thu-Hua Liu et. al. IEEE Trans. On Component …-Part C. Vol. 20, 1997
공장자동화연구실
Scheduling System for IC Packaging Industry Using STEP Enabling Technology
Resource Data Model
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[1] Thu-Hua Liu et. al. IEEE Trans. On Component …-Part C. Vol. 20, 1997
공장자동화연구실
Scheduling System for IC Packaging Industry Using STEP Enabling Technology
Input Data Model
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[1] Thu-Hua Liu et. al. IEEE Trans. On Component …-Part C. Vol. 20, 1997
공장자동화연구실
Scheduling System for IC Packaging Industry Using STEP Enabling Technology
Implementation
• Knowledge acquisition of the IC packaging scheduling in IDEF0
• Establishment of the scheduling information model in EXPRESS
information modeling language
ST-Developer
• Generation of the class library using express2c++ tool
• Creation of the instances of the resource and order models within a
ROSE++ application program -> ROSE database <-> STEP file
• Use step2os translator of ST-ObjectStore to load data from STEP file
into an ObjectStore database
• Development of the Computer-Aided Scheduling System
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[1] Thu-Hua Liu et. al. IEEE Trans. On Component …-Part C. Vol. 20, 1997
공장자동화연구실
Conclusion
• Insufficient researches in STEP and manufacturing
– Manufacturing model for assembly parts, eg. BOM
– Data modeling and sharing technology for partners that is
customers, the suppliers and the sub-contractors
– Connection between SFC and part status
• On-line planning and scheduling based on part and shop floor status
• Considering future trends
– Intelligent machine appears
– Mobile database appears
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공장자동화연구실
References
[1] Thu-Hua Liu, Amy J. C. Trappey and Fu-Wei Chan, A Scheduling System for
IC Packaging Industry Using STEP Enabling Technology, IEEE Trans. On
Component, Packaging, … - Part C, Vol. 20, No. 4, 1997
[2] Ronald E. Giachetti, A Standard manufacturing informatio model to support
design for manufacturing in virtual enterprises, Journal of Intelligent
Manufacturing, 10, 49-60, 1999
[3] Mangesh P. Bhandarkar, Raksh Nagi, STEP-based feature extraction from
STEP geometry for Agile Manufacturing, Computers in Industry, 41, 3-24,
2000
[4] Ting-Kuo Peng, Amy J. C. Trappey, A step toward STEP-compatible
engineering data management: the data models of product structure and
engineering changes, Robotics and Computer-integrated Manufacturing, 14,
89-109, 1998
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공장자동화연구실
References
[5] F. Chaxel, E. Bajic and J. Richard, Mobile Database Nodes for Manufacturing
Information Management: a STEP Based Approach, International Journal of
Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 13, 125-133, 1997
[6] P Gu and Kam Chan, Product modeling using STEP, Computer-Aided Design,
Vol. 27, No. 3, 163-179, 1995
[7] Tea Y. Park, Kwan H. Han and Byoung K. Choi, An objcet-oriented modeling
framework for automated manufacturing system, International Journal of
Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 10, No. 5, 324-334, 1997
[8] X. F. Zha, S. Y. E. Lim and S. C. Fok, Integrated Intelligent Design and
Assembly Planning: A Survey, International Journal of Advanced
Manufacturing Technology, 14, 661-685, 1998
[9] Sanjay B. Joshi and Jeffrey S. Smith, Computer control of flexible
manufacturing systems: Research and development, 1994, Chapman & Hall
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공장자동화연구실