Transcript Job Processes

Job Processes
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Facilities organized by process.
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Similar processes or equipment grouped
together. (Example: All drill presses are
together.)
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Products follow many different paths.
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Jobbing Processes Examples
Machine
Shop
Hospital
Batch processes
Batch processes can often look like jobbing processes, but
batch does not have quite the degree of variety associated
jobbing. As the name implies, each time batch processes
produce a product they produce more than one. So each
part of the operation has periods when it is repeating itself,
at least while the batch is being processed.
Example of batch processes include machine tool
manufacturing, the production of components parts
which go into mass-product assemblies such as
automobiles, and the production of most clothing.
Batch Processes
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Facilities often organized by assembly
lines.
Characterized by modules.
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Parts & assemblies made previously.
Modules combined for many output
options.
Batch Processes - Harley
Davidson
Batch Processes - Examples
Clothes
Dryer
McDonald’s
over 95 billion served
Truck
Fast
Food
Mass Processes
Mass processes are those which produce goods in
high volume and relatively narrow variety. An
automobile plant, for example, might produce several
thousand variants of car if every option of engine size,
colour, extra equipment etc. is taken into account. Yet
essentially it is a mass operation because the different
variants of its product do not affect the basic process
of production.
(automobile, consumer durable, TV plant, soft
drink)
Mass Processes
Soft Drinks
Light Bulbs
Continues Processes
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High volume, low variety products.
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Long, continuous production runs.
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Continuous process manufacturing.
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Line Flow
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Continuous processes
Continuous processes are one step beyond
mass processes insomuch as they operate at
even higher volume and often have even
lower variety. They also usually operate for
longer periods of time. Sometimes they are
continuous in that their products are
inseparable, being produced in an endless
flow.
Examples are petrochemical refineries,
electricity utilities, steel making, and
some papermaking.
Continues Processes: Steel Plant
Continues Processes Examples
.
Paper (Continuous)
Process Design
Flexible flows
Process Choice:
Project Process
Job Process
Batch Process
Mass Process
Continuous Process
Project
Process
Job
Process
Intermediate
flows
Batch
Process
Mass
Process
Line flows
Continuous
Process
Low
Volume
High
Process types in manufacturing
High
Project
Jobbing
Variety
Batch
Mass
Continuous
Low
Low
Volume
High
Process types in service operations
Professional services
Professional services are defined as high contact
organisations where customers spend a considerable time in
the service process. Such services provide high levels of
customization, the service process being highly adaptable in
order to meet individual customer needs. Examples are
Professional services like management consultants,
lawyers, doctors, architects etc.,
Mass services
Mass services have many customer transactions, involving
limited contact time and little customization. Such services
are often predominantly equipment-based and product
oriented. Examples are rail services, supermarket,
airport.
Service shops
Service shops are characterized by levels of customer
contact, customization, volumes of customers and staff
discretion, which position them between the extremes of
professional and mass services. Service shop include
banks, high street shops, holiday tour operators,
car rental companies, schools, most restaurants,
hotels and travel agents.
Process types in services
High
Professional services
Variety
Service Shops
Mass Services
Low
Low
Volume
High
Measuring Process Performance
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Throughput Time
Process Velocity
Productivity
Utilisation
Efficiency