Transcript Early History of the Mughal

Mughal Empire
• Hangama Hai Kyon Barpa (Why is there
such a Commotion?)
Babur
• Babur inherited
kingdom in 1494. He
was 11 and led them to
victory.
Babur strong and sensitive leads
12,000 to defeat 100,000
“Some in the army were very anxious and full of
fear. Nothing recommends anxiety and
fear…why? Because what God has fixed in
eternity cannot be changed. But… it was no
reproach to be afraid or anxious… why?Because
those thus anxious and afraid were there with a
two or three months’ journey between them and
their homes; our affair was with a foreign tribe
and people; none knew their tongue, nor did they
know ours.”
Akbar (‫ )جالل الدین محمد اکبر‬- Golden
Age 1556-1605 (b.1542)
• Known as the “Great One”
• Married 2 Hindu a
Christian and a Muslim
• Abolished taxes against
non Muslims (jizya)
• “ A monarch should ever be
intent on conquest”
Jahangir and Nur Jahan
• Jahangir weak- but
wife really ruled
• Son tries to rebel and
Nur Jahan expels
him…he then turns to
Sikhs
• Jahangir and Nur
Jahan do not have
religious tolerance
Shah Jahan
• Shah Jahan- Nur Jahan’s
son is forced to marry
Persian Princess but falls
deeply in love.
• During birth of 14th child
she dies
• He becomes obsessed with
building the Taj Mahal in
her memory
• People suffer…drought
crop failure and taxes
Aurangzeb
• When father becomes ill
3rd of 4 sons acts quickly
takes power by killing
older brother and arresting
his father
• Greatest Expansion leads
to weakening of Empire
• Brings back tax on non
muslim
• Sikhs form brotherhood in
Punjab. Mixture of Islam,
Suffism, and Buddism
Decline and Decay
• After Aurungzeb
several Civil wars
break out
• Keep in mind that this
is what allows foreign
powers to dominate
them
Summary Questions
1) What religion were Mughal leaders?
2) He built the Taj Mahal for his wife?
3) The religion that is a mixture of Islam,
Buddhism and Sufism?
4) He was a weak leader but gave power to his
wife?
5) Who was known as the Great One for his
expansion of the Mughal Empire?
6) His Expansion led to a decline?
7) At 11 he led the rule of the Mughal