Cross Cultural Communications

Transcript Cross Cultural Communications

Minorities and the Criminal Justice System

What is Culture

 “Beliefs, values, patterns of thinking, behavior and everyday customs that have been passed on from generation to generation” (Shusta, p. 19)  Or a group or community with which we share common experiences that shape the way we understand the world. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

What is Culture

 It includes groups that we are born into, such as gender, race, or national origin. It also includes groups we join or become part of:  For example, we can acquire a new culture by moving to a new region, by a change in our economic status, or by becoming disabled.

Communication

 Process by which information is exchanged and understood by two or more people, usually with the intent to motivate or influence behavior  Means to share, not "to speak" or "to write" Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Communications Model

Sender

Communications Model

Sender Encode

Communications Model

Sender Encode Channel

Communications Model

Sender Encode Channel Decode

Decoding or translating the message sent is the task of the receiver!

Communications Model

Sender Encode Channel Decode

The Person who receives the message

Receiver

Communications Model

Sender Encode Transmit Decode Receiver

Feedback

Sender

But, Wait, there’s more!

Feedback

A response by the receiver to the sender’s communication

Encode Transmit Decode Receiver Encode Transmit

Decode

And More

Noise

Any barrier to communication

Sender Encode Transmit Decode Receiver Encode Transmit

Decode

Culture and Communications

  Messages are constructed from culture, or “beliefs, values, patterns of thinking, behavior and everyday customs that have been passed on from generation to generation” (Shusta, P. 97) Both the sender and the receiver use their cultural perceptions of encode and decode messages.

A little more about perception

  Perception = used to sort out the environment Process Perceptual selectivity = objects/stimuli are screened in or out and then selected Certain stimuli catch our attention We tend to see what we want to see.

Perception and Communication

 Cultural organization reference = Categorizing according to our Cultural frame of  Stereotyping is the most common form of perceptual organization  Words can mean different things to different people.

Nonverbal Communication

 Defined as actions, behaviors and intonation rather than words       Facial expression Voice Mannerisms Posture Dress Sometimes more believable and forceful Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

What is Cross Cultural Communications?

High-context and Low-context Communication

Context

 “all the factors which systematically determine the form, meaning, appropriateness or translation of linguistic expressions. One can distinguish between linguistic context (provided by the preceding utterances or text) and non linguistic context (including shared assumptions and information).” (Arnold, D).

Understanding the Difference

 Low-context communication:  “My words speak for themselves,"  Prefer to be less direct, relying on what is implied by the communication.  High-context communication  Prefer indirect messages from others  Verbal and nonverbal cues help me understand the meaning Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Different Context – Different Meaning

   I’m sorry.

What did you say?

I’m fine.

Others?

    

Low Context communicating with High Context

“nonverbal messages and gestures may be as important as what is said; status and identity may be communicated nonverbally and require appropriate acknowledgement; face-saving and tact may be important, and need to be balanced with the desire to communicate fully and frankly; building a good relationship can contribute to effectiveness over time; and indirect routes and creative thinking are important alternatives to problem-solving when blocks are encountered. “ (LeBarron, M.) Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

    

High Context communicating with Low Context

“things can be taken at face value rather than as representative of layers of meaning; roles and functions may be decoupled from status and identity; efficiency and effectiveness may be served by a sustained focus on tasks; direct questions and observations are not necessarily meant to offend, but to clarify and advance shared goals; and indirect cues may not be enough to get the other's attention” (LeBarron, M.) Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

References

   Arnold, D. , et al., (1995) Machine translation: an introductory guide http://www.essex.ac.uk/linguistics/clmt/MTbook/ HTML/book.html

Shusta, R., et al., (2005), Multicultural Law Enforcement. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ LeBarron, M.(2003) Communication tools for understanding cultural differences. http://www.beyondintractability.org/m/communi cation_tools.jsp Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Cross Cultural Communications

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Cross Cultural Communications

Transcript Cross Cultural Communications

Minorities and the Criminal Justice System

What is Culture

What is Culture

Communication

Communications Model

Communications Model

Communications Model

Communications Model

Communications Model

Communications Model

Feedback

But, Wait, there’s more!

Feedback

And More

Culture and Communications

A little more about perception

Perception and Communication

Nonverbal Communication

What is Cross Cultural Communications?

High-context and Low-context Communication

Context

Understanding the Difference

Different Context – Different Meaning

Others?

Low Context communicating with High Context

High Context communicating with Low Context

References

Cross Cultural Communications

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