Transcript Personal variation in language learning

Personal variation in language
learning
2. Personality factors
The affective domain
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Receiving-tolerating
Responding-committing
Valuing
Organisation of values
Developing an individual value system
Schuman (1997-1999): amygdala
Learning = emotionally motivated activity
Aspects
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Self-esteem
Inhibition
Risk-taking
Anxiety
Extroversion
Motivation
Self-esteem
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„a personal judgement of
worthiness” (Coopersmith, 1967)
Types: global
situational or specific
task-related
MacIntyre, Dörnyei, Clément &
Noels (1998): direct + relation to
„willingness to communicate”
Inhibition
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Self-defence mechanism to protect
ego
Language ego (Guiora, 1972, Ehrman,
1996)
Guiora et. Al. (1972)- the alcohol test
?? Effect on muscular tension
Guiora et.al. (1980)- the Valium test
?? Significant tester effect
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Stevick (1976) alienation between
Critical me and performing me
 L1 culture and L2 culture
 Self and other learners
 Self and teacher
Ehrman (1999): thick and thin egos in
SLL
tolerance of mistakes
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Risk-taking
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Relation to inhibition
and ambiguity tolerance
Moderate risk-taking correlates with
language learning success
accurate guesses
based on skill
Low-risk takers=avoidance
High-risk takers=wild guesses
Anxiety
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Types (Oxford, 1999)
 Trait
 State
Language anxitey
(MacIntyre & Gardner, 1989)
- communication apprehension
- fear of negative social evaluation
- text anxiety
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Debilitative and facilitative anxiety
Extroversion
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Extroversion
Sociable, talkative
Western ideal
Need to receive
ego-enhancement,
self-esteen from
others
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Introversion
Quiet, reserved
Derive a sense of
wholeness and
fulfillment
independent of
others
Inner strength
Motivation
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Behaviouristic view
- anticipation of reward
- desire for positive reinforcement
- external, individual forces in
control
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Cognitive view
- Degree of effort expended
- Internal, individual forces in control
- Driven by basic human needs
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Exploration
Manipulation
Activity
Stimulation
Knowledge
Ego enhancement
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Constructivist view
Social context
Community
Social status and group security
Internal, interactive forces in control
Types
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Integrative
Instrumental
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Myers-Briggs character types
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Extroversion
Sensing
Thinking
Judging
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Introversion
Intuition
Feeling
Perceiving
Measuring affective factors
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Problems
- accuracy of self-perceptions
- self-flattery syndrome
- culturally ethnocentric, not transferrable
Solutions
- variety of methods and instruments
- validating