BASICS OF IT FOR Health Information Managers

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HOW IS A COMPUTER PUT TOGETHER?

INPUT vs. OUTPUT

INPUT DEVICES

 KEYBOARD    MOUSE VOICE RECOGNITION TRACKING DEVICES BAR CODE READER SCANNER   

OUTPUT DEVICES

1. MONITOR (MONOCHROME, EGA, VGA, SVGA) 2. PRINTER(DOT MATRIX, LASER PRINTER, INKJET) 3. FAX

E.HR INPUT DEVICES: Navigational Devices

• • • •

Additonal Ideas

PDA Touch Pad Touch Screen Speech Recognition

HOW IS A COMPUTER PUT TOGETHER?

HARDWARE vs SOFTWARE

 BETWEEN THE INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES ARE TYPES OF

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

:

HARDWARE = Physical Components Parts you can touch SOFTWARE = PROGRAMS, CODE

How is a computer put together?

HARDWARE

HARDWARE

(PARTS YOU CAN TOUCH)

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

(Box/Brain Of Computer)

(CPU) 3 PARTS:



ALU

(Arithmatic logic unit)- used for math functions. 

CONTROL UNIT

The chip which directs the operation of devices controlled by the computer.



STORAGE -

Hard drives, floppy drives .

How is a computer put together?

MEMORY

 

PRIMARY RAM

• (random access memory) - TEMPORARY Short term requiring constant powersource. • • Volatile. What is seen on screen is stored in RAM.



ROM

(Read-Only Memory) -PERMANENT Cannot alter, programmed by the manufacturer. Tells computer what is there and how to access it (Mouse or Keyboard).

How is a computer put together?

MEMORY

SECONDARY

 Hard drives  Floppy drives (Permanent memory)  CDR-ROM.

 Magnetic Tape

How is a computer put together?

SOFTWARE

TWO TYPES of Programs OPERATING SYSTEM APPLICATIONS

Program that tells computer how to locate components and “run” the system Program designed to perform functions Word Processing Spreadsheets VISIO, Internet, etc Programming Languages: C, C++ Visual Basic DBMS – For Internet – DB2, SQL, Oracle, Filemaker Javascript, Dreamweaver HTML

How is a computer put together?

SOFTWARE

OPERATING SYSTEM

( Tells computer how to run system ) 1.

DOS -

(Disk Operating System ) - single tasking  (allows only one function at a time).

2.

UNIX :

Used in major computer systems.   (CPR at UCSF-Stanford Health Care). More difficult to use. Multitasking (allows more than 1 function at a time).

3.

OS/2 :

Clone of Dos. But multi tasking.

How is a computer put together?

SOFTWARE

APPLICATIONS

    1. Word processing 2. Windows??? ( uses Graphic User Interfaces - GUI's or Icons, to quickly access other applications.

3. Spreadsheet : Excel, Lotus.

4. Database : Access, d-Base.

 OTHERS………………………….

INTEGRATED SOFTWARE PROGRAMS

COMPUTERS & ERGONOMICS



ERGONOMICS

: The scientific study of people and their working conditions, esp. done in order to improve effectiveness  COMPUTERS require redundant functions in a stationary position - worst condition for body structures.



WHAT CAN YOU DO???????????

CONNECTING the Hardware: COMPUTER NETWORKS



NETWORKS:

Connection of 2 or more computers to SHARE information



STAND ALONE COMPUTERS



LAN:

Local area network. (Computers connected within an office) 

WAN:

Wide area networks . (Computers in the HIT Lab connected to the internet. They can communicate with computers globally.

LAN vs. WAN COMPUTER NETWORKS



LANs and WANS are relational

.  Ie: The campus computer system could be considered a WAN, unless connected to the internet, which would make them a LAN.

Ways to Connect Computers



TOKEN

: Identifies one computer from another. Allows multiple computers to be connected together, yet restrict access to information in network.

 ETHERNET: Ethernet is the most common type of connection computers use in a local area network (LAN). An Ethernet port looks much like a regular phone jack, but it is slightly wider. This port can be used to connect your computer to another computer, a local network, or an external DSL or cable modem.

Ways to Connect Computers



FDDI

– Fiber Distributed Data Interface: A standard for transmitting data on optical fiber cables at a rate of around 100,000,000 bits-per-second 

ATM

– Newest – Asynchronous Transfer Mode which is a networking technology that transfers data in packets or cells of a fixed size. The technology was designed for the high-speed transmission of all forms of media from basic graphics to full-motion video.

Ways to Connect Computers



Wireless

WiFi, BlueTOoth

DESIGNING YOUR NETWORK Simple Designs

Token Ring

  All computers interconnected in a chain, can communicate. No server.

 If chain is broken, the other computer do not work .

STAR NETWORK

  Computer can talk directly to each other without going through the chain .

Uses a

HUB

– to connect all computers .

Token Ring NETWORK

S TAR N ETW ORK

ADVANCED NETWORK DESIGNS

 

CLIENT- SERVER

SERVER ATTATCHED TO “DUMB” TERMINALS Dumb terminals cannot hold programs like a stand alone PC nor allows saving. Allows input.

(now called Thin Client)

 Server is the traffic controller, holding all information on its hard drive and sending it out to dumb terminals. Cannot turn off server.  Need a license for each terminal.

ADVANCED NETWORK DESIGNS



VPN – Virtual Private Network

• WAN that uses “tunnels” through internet to a specific network on web • Maintenance of the network done by ISP (Independent Service Provider)

NETWORK PROTOCOLS

 Rules for sending information over a network • • • • Developed by ISO (International Standards Organization) TCP/IP – Transfer between 2 devices on a network (transmission control protocal) IP – Internet Protocol – be located addresses information so it can FTP – File Transfer Protocol – of computers between different types HTTP – hypertext transfer protocol – browser.

web server to web

C L IE N T / S E R V E R N E T W O R K

SERVER

Putting it Together: System Options

ARCHITECTURE Mainframe – Dumb Terminals connected to one computer

OPEN:

• Components developed by different vendors Can easily be connected via hardware/software for functioning

CLOSED:

Components from same vendor

TURN KEY:

System designed to “take out of the box” and use

Use The Internet???

What is the

INTERNET

??

•

A NETWORK of Computers

ORIGIN:

Department of Defense for communication

NO ONE OWNS the INTERNET!!

INTERNET TERMINOLOGY

ONLINE:

connection between 2 computers

Bandwidth

- how fast information can be transferred

URL

: Uniform Resource Locator (used to access web pages)

WWW

: World Wide Web

HTTP

: Hypertext Transfer Protocal (http:\www.ahima.org

Domain Name

: Identifies a particular internet site

Search Engine:

Program that allows users to search KEYWORDS and return results

The WEB Categories of Information COMMUNICATION

E-

INFORMATION COMMERCE

Shop on-line

How to Get ON-LINE

Requires

Computer or connection device

When you connect to the Internet, you might connect through a: • regular

modem

, • • •

local-area network cable modem

connection in your office, (coaxial - 10MBS); twisted pairs (150 MBS); fiber optic (2 GBS)

digital subscriber line

(DSL) connection. DSL is a very high speed connection that uses the same wires as a regular telephone line .

Connection

bandwidth

, is the amount of data that can be carried in a given time period over a network

Modems Cable modems

• Cable modem services offer shared bandwidth between you and your neighbors. Cable modems are as much as 100 times faster than a dial-up Internet connection, running at a speed of 1 mbps, or about 20 times faster than a typical 56,000-bits-per-second (kbps)dial-up connection.

Telehone Line Options

• T1 – special line that provides data transfer at 1.54 MBS • • ISDN –

integrated services digital network-

128 KBS DSL service is a dedicated connection to your home = T1 line.

Internet Connection

.ORG Server Logging on to Internet Explorer Internet Explorer Server WWW

Think about it:

What happens if one of the servers is not working?

AHIMA files on Server AHIMA.org

Other common SERVERS .com

.net

.edu

.gov

Internet & Healthcare

Why is the INTERNET significant to Healthcare?

1.

Universal Format 2. Remote Access 3. Wide Area Network

THE INTERNET & THE CPR

 A medium to transfer and receive data, currently used by health care institutions as well as by the general public.

 Most likely will be the medium of choice for the CPR.  Many legal and confidentiality issues are making the transition to a global CPR via the internet slow.