Transcript No Slide Title

Partnerships
Spatial Data Infrastructures
Metadata
Partnerships
• Often fraught with hazards – can take longer
and create friction
• BUT
• Often there is no real choice for they can bring:
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New staff skills
Additional technology
Marketing skills
Better brand image
New insights on user needs
New products
Cost- and risk-sharing
Local partnerships: an example
NOAA NMS
SB County Planning & Develop
Island Packers
Blue Planet
Commercial Fisherman of SB, Inc
Ventura College
UCSB
Channel Islands National Park
Calif Coastal Commission
Many, many others …
SSE
CIPE
Channel Island National Marine Sanctuary
Local to global partnerships:
an example
News of GIS Day is spread by use of the Internet and by advertising. Any
organization can host such an event: 2,400+ organizations hosted GIS Day
events in more than 91 different countries in 1999 (see map). About 2.4 million
children and adults were enlightened on GIS technology on that day
National partnerships via NSDIs
• The problem:
– Data duplication commonplace – so waste occurs
– Ad hoc data sharing has many difficulties
– Data often tailored to one application
– Best data often collected in greatest detail at local level but
not accessible to regional or national folk
– Indexes/metadata to available GI unknown until recently
– No general protocols for any of this until NSDI..
What is a National Spatial Data
Infrastructure?
• ‘the technology, policies, standards, and
human resources necessary to acquire,
process, store, distribute, and improve
utilization of geospatial data’
Source: Presidential Executive Order #12906 (1994): 'Coordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access: The
National Spatial Data Infrastructure' W Clinton.
BUT what does it mean in practice?
Initial elements of the US NSDI
• Defined standards (mandated on federal
agencies and encouraged for others)
Minimizing inconsistency
• Clearinghouse – metadata descriptions of
existing data. Advertising what is available
• National geospatial data framework - a common
‘template’ on which to assemble other data
The NSDI is composed of
Clearinghouse
Metadata
Partnerships
Geospatial data
Standards
The data provide a core...
Geospatial Data
Categories of Geospatial Data
• Community-developed data sets usually
derived for a single purpose but made
available for potential re-use
• Data sets developed to a common
content specification for high re-use
potential. These are known as
“Framework” data.
Categories of Geospatial Data
Framework GEOdata
Framework provides. . .
a foundation to which spatial information
and attributes can be added.
a base on which other themes of data
can be compiled.
context to orient and link the results of
analyses to the landscape
Framework Data
Federal
State
Local
Private
Utilities
Elevation and bathymetry
Hydrography
Geodetic
Cadastral
Railroads
Roads
Boundaries
Digital orthoimagery
Spatial Analysis
Base for Other Data
Finished Maps
Describing your data...
Metadata
Framework GEOdata
Metadata: “nutritional” label for
GIS data sets
The uses of metadata
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documentation of existing (inventory)
 structured search and comparison
(advertising)
 use data in an appropriate context
(liability)
Metadata developments
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Refinement of the FGDC Metadata
Standard
Harmonization with international
standards
Collection tools available
Training available from FGDC
Making data discoverable...
Clearinghouse (catalog)
Metadata
Framework GEOdata
Clearinghouse provides...
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Discovery of spatial data
Distributed search worldwide
Uniform interface for spatial data
searches
Advertising for your data holdings
Clearinghouse operates as...
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Entry point to constellation of servers
Collection of distributed Z39.50
servers
A virtual “Google” for geospatial data
This is all “Clearinghouse”
Gateway
NOAA
Web
Client
Clearinghouse
“Nodes” or
Servers
Oregon
USGS
NMD
NGS
Consistent approaches...
Clearinghouse (catalog)
Metadata
Framework GEOdata
Standards
Who builds standards?
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ISO - Intl Standards Organization
FGDC Standards working group in
partnership with . . .
FGDC Thematic subcommittees
Concerned organizations
Producers and users of geospatial data
Types of standards
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Data content
—Common classifications
—Common collection criteria
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Data management
– Metadata
– Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)
Standards under development
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Base Cartographic
Cultural and Demographic Metadata
Geodetic Control Networks
Transportation Network Profile
RiverReach File Version 3.0
Earth Cover Classification
Geologic
Facilities
Shoreline
Partnerships
Clearinghouse (catalog)
Metadata
Framework GEOdata
Standards
Lots of people involved…
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Federal government (many agencies)
State government
Local government
Private sector – contractors, valueadders, exploiters
Not for profit organizations
Citizenry
Others…
No one is in charge…
The Geospatial One-Stop at geodata.gov
Growth in use of US NSDI Clearinghouse
Note:
•Rapid growth
•International
use almost as
big as national
Source: Henry
Tom
An example of a global partnership
OSU Transboundary Waters
waterpartners.geo.orst.edu
www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu
Governments and the private
sectors
• National governments own and control
national mapping agencies
• All such mapping produced to national
specifications until recently
• New private sector providers:
– Produce imagery for anywhere in world
– Produce road databases
• How do we get these to work together?
A Global Spatial Data Infrastructure?
• Difficult enough to get national
players to work together…
• Is GSDI a process, a general
framework or a product?
• Who are the stakeholders?
• Who needs it? (military doing what
they need themselves?)
A Research Agenda
• Future of the Spatial Information
Infrastructure
– Information policy
• Intellectual property rights, privacy, liability
– Digital government research
– Local generation and integration of data
• Public participation GIS
Other Research Priorities
(Long Term)
• Geographic
Representation
• Scale
• Spatial Data
Acquisition &
Integration
• Spatial Cognition
• Spatial Ontologies
• Space and
Space/Time Analysis
& Modeling
• Uncertainty
• Visualization
• GIS and Society
• Geographic
Information
Engineering
Short Term Research Priorities
www.ucgis.org
• Institutional aspects of
SDIs
• GI Partnering
• GI Resource Mgmt
• Gradation, Indeterminate
Boundaries
• Geospatial Semantic
Web
• Spatialization
• Pervasive Computing
priorities-->research
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Location Based Services
Spatial Clustering
Geoslavery & Security
Geospatial Data Fusion
Global Representation and
Modeling
• Data Mining and
Knowledge Discovery
• Dynamic Modeling
Education Priorities
www.ucgis.org
• Model Curricula
• Emerging
Technolgies
– Distance Education
• Supporting
Infrastructure
• Access and Equity
• Professional
Education
priorities-->education
• Alternative Designs
for Curriculum
Content and
Evaluation
• Research-based
Graduate Education
• Learning with GIS
• Accrediation and
Certification
Life, partnerships and GIS
• When do you work in partnership with other
people or organisations?
– What makes it worthwhile?
The same applies to GIS partnerships:
– Commitment to a cause, wish to improve matters?
– Personal ambition? Influence? Fame? Status?
– Money?
Summary
• Partnerships versus competition
– Local
– National Spatial Data Infrastructure
• Geodata, Framework, Metadata, Clearinghouse,
Standards, Partnerships
– Global Spatial Data Infrastructures
• Political power in partnerships
• Bringing it all together: the GIS game
Summary cont.
• Choose GIS
partners
carefully, nurture
relationships…