Transcript Geog 458: Map Sources and Errors

Geog 458:
Map Sources and Errors
Contextualizing Geospatial Data
January 6, 2006
Outlines
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2.
3.
4.
Introduction: Why geospatial data?
Why geospatial metadata standards?
NSDI: backgrounds
Three national cross-agency initiatives
– FGDC,
– Geospatial One Stop
– The National Map
5. Conclusion: the Vision of NSDI
Appendix: spatial, geographic, geospatial
1. Geospatial data
• Think where geospatial data is used
• Overriding concerns of today?
Environmental
protection
Growth management
Climate change
Disaster recovery
Emergency
Management
Homeland security
• Transformation from data to information
Environment
Data
Representation
Analytics
Information
Presentation
Data modeling
Query
geovisualization
Measurement
Analysis
PPGIS
Reference system
Modeling
Decision
Making
2. Geospatial metadata standards
http://www.fgdc.gov/
Scenario
• There is no data
• There is data, but no metadata
• There is data and metadata, but not sure
what is described in metadata
• There is data and metadata, and I
understand what is described in metadata,
but the way of data documentation differs
across data
• Finally, you have data and metadata and
content standard, so you can decide
whether data is suitable for a problem
• This is what CSDGM does!
• CSDGM (Content Standard for Digital
Geospatial Metadata) includes seven
contents as follows
What’s in CSDGM
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1 Identification Information
2 Data Quality Information
3 Spatial Data Organization Information
4 Spatial Reference Information
5 Entity and Attribute Information
6 Distribution Information
7 Metadata Reference Information
Metadata: how it works
• Used to provide information to data users
– Fitness of use of data
• Can be indexed for search
– Finding data in data clearinghouse
• Ensures the quality of data
– Data developers should document what has
been done to the data
3. NSDI: backgrounds
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Timeline
Problems
Strategies
Core components of NSDI
Timeline of NSDI
• 1989-90 FGDC formed
• 1994 NSDI formed by Presidential
Executive Order 12906
• 2001 OMB Circular A-16 updated
• 2002 E-Gov Initiatives (Geospatial OneStop)
FGDC’s statement of problem
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Geographic data collection is expensive
Most of data are duplicated
Sharing data is difficult
Public access to data is a concern
Datasets are poorly documented
• If finding and sharing geographic data were
easier and more widespread, the economic
benefits to the nation could be enormous
Addressing problems…
• Share the data to eliminate duplication
efforts  partnerships
• Document datasets  metadata
• Provide base data  framework data
• Unify the format of data and metadata 
standards
• Make access to data easier 
clearinghouse
Core components of NSDI
Clearinghouse (catalog)
Metadata
Framework GEOdata
Standards
Partnerships
Do-it-yourself now!
• Browse fgdc.gov to answer the following
questions
– According to FGDC-STD-001-1998 (CSDGM), which
contents are mandatory?
– What are seven NSDI framework themes?
– How does clearinghouse work? For example, does
the search result let you download data? What kinds
of data are usually available? More specifically, are
they mainly public data or private data?
– How is the clearinghouse different from GOS
(Geospatial One-Stop)?
4. National cross-agency initiatives
• FGDC
• Geospatial One Stop
• The National Map
• What are they?
• How do they fit together?
FGDC
• Inter-agency committee responsible for the
implementation of the NSDI
Fgdc.gov
Geospatial One-Stop
• Created as one of the e-government
initiatives to provide federal and state
agencies with a single point of access to
geographic information
Geodata.gov
The National Map
• The vision of creating up-to-date base
topographic data by USGS with
partnerships
Nationalmap.gov
Do you know how old USGS topographic data (e.g. National Atlas
of the United States) are on average?
How do they fit together?
• They shares the same goal with distinctive roles
– FGDC ties it together
– GOS provides portal for discovery
– TNM forms the base
• Clear division of roles are desirable
– FGDC: policy, standards, and advocacy
– GOS: discovery and access
– TNM: integrated, certified base mapping content
5. The Vision of NSDI
• What is NSDI?
• What are tenets of NSDI?
What is NSDI?
• The technology, policies, standards,
human resources, and related activities
necessary to acquire, process, distribute,
use, maintain, and preserve spatial data
Tenets of NSDI
• Assures that spatial data from multiple
sources (federal, state, local, and tribal
governments, academia, and the private
sector) are available and easily integrated
to enhance the understanding of our
physical and cultural world
Spatial, geographic, geospatial
• Geospatial has been used since mid1990s especially among government
agency to describe data activities
– e.g. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
(Formerly National Imagery and Mapping
Agency: NIMA)
• Geospatial has more of technology and
data concepts compared to spatial or
geographic
– e.g. geospatial science =/= geoscience