Transcript Regulatory Domain Name Framework in Switzerland

WGIG-Workshop „National Internet Governance Models“
ccTLD „.CH“ (Switzerland), part 2
Marcel Schneider
Dipl. El. Ing. FH/STV/EUR-ING
Manager Special Operations and International Relations
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SWITCH: The Foundation
Established in October 1987 as a foundation of the
private sector by the Swiss government (Federal
Department of Home Affairs) and eight university
cantons for the purpose of creating and maintaining
Switzerland’s academic and research network
Two main departments: Academic Services and
Domain Name Registration
Registry Involvements: „CH“, „LI“ and sTLD „POST“
Policy for „LI“: Government assumes „sleeping
authority“ governance model
Policy for „POST“: Universal Postal Union, a UN
organization, is negotiating sTLD private law
contract with ICANN; SWITCH is subcontractor
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Governance Models and Registries
There are different policy models:
gTLD, sTLD, iTLD, ccTLD
Pro: Competition, test beds
Con: More difficult to understand
Requirements: Transparency, guidance for users,
information
A registry is capable to support multiple policy
models
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Focus on ccTLD „CH“: History
Pre-1986: Tests at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
(ETHZ) with pseudo TLD „CHUNET“
Other pseudo-TLD‘s: BITnet, UUCP
Central host table for computers
Ca. 1986: First DNS software available (BIND)
Distributed, decentralized, hierarchical system
May 1987: ETHZ asks IANA to assign „CH“ to ETHZ for
testing purposes
October 1987: SWITCH established, „CH“ transferred to
SWITCH
Since then: SWITCH admin and technical contact for „CH“
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1.1.1996: New Policy for CH and LI
Concept of holdership introduced:
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•
•
•
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Holder is responsible
No domain name owners
Allowance for registrants to use domain name
Private law contract with registrants
Domain names are not sold; fee for storage,
maintenance and publication (WHOIS, Name Servers
in DNS)
• Hands-off, liberal policy by registry; new concept at
that time (different to COM, NET, ORG, other ccTLD’s)
Registry performs stewardship function for the
Internet
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2003: Public Regulations for TLD „CH“
Federal Constitution
(Art. 92 BV)
Telecommunications Act
(Art. 3 lit. f + Art. 28 TA)
Decree on Addressing Elements
(Art. 13 and 14 AEFV)
Administrative
Contract between
OFCOM + SWITCH
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Administrative
and Technical
Regulations
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PPP: Shared Responsibilities (1)
Swiss
Government
B2B
Registrars
B2C
Registrants
SWITCH
Registry
National and
international
coordination and
collaboration
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Peers
Subcontractors
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Shared Responsibilities (2)
Well defined responsibilities.
Government:
Represents LIC, ensures public policies
Collaboration: GAC, ITU, other governments, etc.
Registry:
Performs registration services
Collaboration: CENTR, wwTLD, RIPE, WIPO,
ICANN/IANA, IETF, CERT, ITU, registrars,
outsourcing partners, other services (ENUM, AAI
etc.)
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ADRP
Requirement by OFCOM (Art. 14g AEFV)
Cooperation of OFCOM, Federal Department of Justice,
Swiss Intellectual Property Institute, WIPO and SWITCH
Introduction 1.3.2004, since 1.4.2004 mandatory
Mandatory (first ) phase: Mediation
Voluntary (second) phase: Expert Determination (transfer,
deletion or complaint denied)  violation of Intellectual
Property Rights
Languages: English, French, German, Italian
Six decisions (as per 23.1.2005): five transfers, one
complaint denied, two involving Internationalized Domain
Names
URL: http://arbiter.wipo.int/domains/cctld/ch/index.html
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Benefits of Public Involvement
Delegation/re-delegation of registration authority locally
handled (GAC Delegation Policies Art. 7.1)
High standards on data security, data protection, privacy
and dispute resolution (GAC DP Art. 9.1.5 and 9.1.6)
Joint representation in international bodies (ICANN,
partially ITU, WSIS, WIPO)
Controlled pricing, intention: competition
Joint actions and planning with regard to ICANN (ccNSO,
Accountability Framework), GAC DP Art. 8
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Benefits from PPP (1)
Continued innovation
 Guarantee that public interest is properly
represented

Capacity building, outreach activities
SWITCH contacts TLD registries in developing countries to
build capacities, training, know-how transfer, other
support activities
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Benefits from PPP (2)
 Stability and continuity
 Credibility for registry
 Transparency and competition
 Shared responsibilities
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End
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