Transcript Motor Learning - Rocky Mountain College

Motor Learning
Areas of the Brain
Involved in movement
PEH 315 Motor Learning
Areas of the Brain
By recording the activity of neurons in different
brain regions and by studying the effects of
lesions in various brain sites, it has been
demonstrated that there are important functional
distinctions among brain centers.
In the domain of motor control, some centers are
involved in relatively low-level aspects of the
control of movement and posture, such as the
direction and force of single limb movement,
whereas others are involved in higher-level
aspects, such as planning extended sequences of
actions.
PEH 315 Motor Learning
Areas of the Brain
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia
Motor Cortex
Pre-motor Cortex
Supplementary
Motor Cortex
Parietal Cortex
PEH 315 Motor Learning
Cerebellum
 Regulation of Muscle Tone – input from
muscle spindles, vision, hearing, touch and
balance. Damage = flaccid tone
 Coordination – ataxia, dysarthria, nystagmus,
Sequencing - palm up, palm down
 Timing - agonistic and antagonistic muscle
firings
 Learning – vestibular occular reflex
PEH 315 Motor Learning
Basal Ganglia
 Contributes to activation & retrieval of
movement plans
 Scale the amplitude of movements
Movement problems associated with area Huntingdon’s Disease – clumsiness, uncontrollable
movements, dementia
Parkinson’s Disease – shuffling gait, resting tremors,
initiation of movements
PEH 315 Motor Learning
Premotor Cortex
 Proximal muscles
Role in orienting body
Readying postural for forthcoming movements
 Help select movement trajectories
PEH 315 Motor Learning
Motor Cortex
 Localization of Brain function
 Trigger center rather than planning
 Force and direction
 Long-loop Reflexes
PEH 315 Motor Learning
Pre-motor cortex
 Proximal muscles – trunk & shoulders
 Orienting the body and readying the
postural muscles for forthcoming
movements
 Selected movement trajectories
PEH 315 Motor Learning
Supplementary MC
 Planning & Production of Complex
sequences of movement – bimanual
coordination
Blood flow to SMC even when imagined
Activity seen 1 sec before movement begins
Suggests planning
PEH 315 Motor Learning
Parietal Cortex
 Spatial attention – drawing diagrams
(Spatial Facility)
Code spatially relevant behavioral intentions
 Apraxia
Ideational - pantomine
Ideomotor - imitate
PEH 315 Motor Learning