Transcript DATABASES TRAINING

LIBRARY TRAINING:
CHEMISTRY & BIOCHEMISTRY
HONOURS STUDENTS
January 2011
SCIENCES LIBRARIAN PORTAL
LIBRARY CATALOGUE, STEPS IN ONLINE SEARCHING,
SERCHING TECHNIQUES, ELECTRONIC DATABASES &
REFERENCE TECHNIQUES
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
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Library orientation
- Library Support to Honours & Masters Students
- Library Webpage
- Library Catalogue (incl. NEW Dewey System for books)
- Sciences Librarian Portal
Steps in online searching
Searching techniques
Electronic Databases & Internet
Reference Techniques
Conclusion
Library Support to Honours & Masters Students
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Subject Librarian Help with Training, Queries & Searches
Course Reserves (books/articles on Reserve)
MyUJLink (your library account)
Inter Campus Loan (borrow books from other Campus)
Inter Library Loan (Borrow books from other Libraries)(Masters)
Letter of Introduction to Other University Libraries (Masters)
Access to Library Resources with a library PIN
REMOTE ACCESS to Library Resources (Databases)
Managing your Literature references (RefWorks)
Plagiarism: How to avoid it?
Citing and Referencing
Literature Review; Submitting T & D; How to get Published
LIBRARY WEBSITE: http://www.uj.ac.za/library
SCIENCES LIBRARIAN PORTAL: http://ujsciencelibrarian.pbwork.com/
LIBRARY CATALOGUE: UJLink
http://ujlink.uj.ac.za/
New Classification System for Books: Dewey
540 Chemistry & Allied Sciences
New Classification System for Books: Dewey
570 Life Sciences
New Classification System for Books: Dewey
580 Botanical & 590 Zoological Sciences
Chemistry Subject Portal
http://ujsciencelibrarian.pbworks.com/Chemistry
Biochemistry Subject Portal
http://ujsciencelibrarian.pbworks.com/Biochemistry
Log-in to the Library Resources: PIN
STEPS IN ONLINE SEARCHING
Step 1. Identify your topic
Step 2. Identify the main terms or keywords
Step 3. Combine terms by using Boolean Operators
Step 4. Locate and access the Library Resources
Step 5. Select an appropriate source
Step 6. Ongoing evaluation of the search results
Step 7. Refine your search
Step 8. Gather citations for your sources
Step 9. Stop searching and start writing
STEP 1 IDENTIFY YOUR TOPIC
 Identify your topic
 Narrow your topic
- Look up your topic in general and specialised
subject encyclopedias.
 Write down your topic
- Develop several questions that you plan to
answer in your paper or speech. This is an important
step because your questions will become topic
sentences for your outline.
STEP 2
IDENTIFY THE MAIN TERMS OR KEYWORDS
 Brainstorm for a list of search terms/ keywords
 Think of words and phrases related to your topic. Consider
broader and narrower terms, and synonyms (words that have
the same meaning).
 Look up these terms in dictionaries and thesaurus. You may
want to look them up in subject specific dictionaries and
encyclopedias.
 Establish logical relationship between the keywords, by
making use of different Searching techniques (AND, OR)
 Are there any specific names (authors, geographical
locations, etc.) that would focus my search?
MAKE USE OF THE THESAURUS
Keyword searching is not always the most effective or
efficient approach. Different authors use different words
to describe the same concept or topic. Trying to think of
all the possible ways a concept could be expressed by
different people takes much mental effort, and chances
are that you'll still miss a few.
Instead, let the database itself help you. Most databases
have a Thesaurus with lists of selected words or
phrases. Known as "controlled vocabulary," it is used to
describe concepts. The single word or phrase listed in
the Thesaurus can replace all the words you might try to
think of yourself.
STEP 3
COMBINE TERMS BY USING : BOOLEAN OPERATORS
 When searching the UJ Library Catalogue, the
Databases or the Internet websites, using Boolean
Operators helps you broaden or narrow your search and
its results.
- AND narrows your search,
- OR broadens your search, and
- NOT excludes certain terms
Use truncation symbols (usually ? or *) to capture all
forms of words (e.g., educat? will retrieve education,
educating, and educators).
STEP 4
LOCATE AND ACCESS THE
LIBRARY RESOURCES
 Go to: UJ Library webpage
(http://www.uj.ac.za/library)
 Click on: Subject Collections
 Then select: Science Librarian Portal or go directly to:
http://ujsciencelibrarian.pbwork.com/
 Most databases can be accessed remotely (from home).
 Click on: UJLink (http://ujlink.uj.ac.za)
To search for the print collections in the library, and also
to search simultaneously multiple resources (print AND
electronic)
STEP 5
SELECT AN APPROPRIATE SOURCE
 For background, basic information consider:
- UJ Library catalogue: to search for print general
and subject specific encyclopedias, handbooks, and
other reference books.
- Databases: to search for electronic reference
works, such as: Oxford Reference Online, Oxford
English Dictionary, Combined Chemical Dictionary,
AccessScience (McGraw), Encyclopedia of Energy,
STEP 5
SELECT AN APPROPRIATE SOURCE
 Find books for overviews, retrospective, and historical
information
- UJ Library Catalogue – search for books, government
documents, historical information, rare-books collections,
etc.
- Databases – to search for electronic books and
electronic retrospective information (JSTOR, etc.)
STEP 5
SELECT AN APPROPRIATE SOURCE
 Find Current Information
- For current information consider the use of the
Electronic Bibliographic and Full-text databases available
in the library
- Additional search from Internet:
Consider searching selected Internet websites, such as:
Google Scholar; Scirus; etc.
STEP 6
ONGOING EVALUATION OF THE SEARCH RESULTS
 Evaluation determines how effectively and efficiently the
information need was satisfied.
 Evaluate the sources you’ve found, paying attention to their
relevance, purpose, value, accuracy, and authors’ credibility.
 Remember that Internet sources should also be evaluated for
bias and inaccuracies, and you should pay attention to whether
the sites present facts or opinions.
 As you start to create an outline of your project or paper, note
areas where you need more information.
STEP 7 REFINE YOUR SEARCH
 You need to be prepared for unexpected search results (too much or too
little information retrieved)
 If your search did not yield enough results, try searching a broader
terms. If your search yield too many results, use narrow terms. Make
sure you are using Boolean operators correctly
 Use alternative keywords (synonyms)
 Try different databases
 As a rough guide, find twice as many sources as your lecturer requires.
For example, if your lecturer asks you to find 5 items, aim for 10. This
allows you to choose from plenty of sources rather than being stuck with
too few or relying on an incomplete collection of sources
STEP 8
GATHER CITATIONS FOR YOUR SOURCES
 As you’re doing research, you should write down the
bibliographic information (author, title, publisher, date of
publication, etc.). This will enable you to be prepared to
create a “Bibliography” , “References” or “Works Cited”
list. Use RefWoks.
 In books, you’ll find this information collected on a “title
page,” one of the first few pages. Online journals print
this information at the top/bottom of the page. Print
journals usually have this information on their covers.
 Web pages are inconsistent about this information, so
ask for help if you have trouble locating it.
STEP 9
STOP SEARCHING AND START WRITING
 How do you know when you have enough information?
 This is hard to judge, but you need to do more research
if you still have questions about what you’re reading or if
there are names and ideas that you’re not sure about.
 Once you have all the information you have gathered it
is time to start writing
 If you still experience problems, contact your Subject
Librarian for assistance
SEARCHING TECHNIQUES
 SEARCH STRATEGY
 Understand what is required
 Identify the concepts
 Translate the concepts into keywords
• BOOLEAN OPERATORS ( AND, OR , NOT)
• TRUNCATION ( * )
• WILDCARD CHARACTER ( ? )
• PHRASE SEARCH ( “ “ )
• USE OF PARENTHESIS ( )
BOOLEAN OPERATORS:
AND, OR , NOT
 DEFINITIONS OF BOOLEAN OPERATORS
 Boolean operators are the words used to group, combine, or
intersect terms when searching databases. Boolean operators
provide a way to tell a computer how to combine your
keywords/ terms. In other words, they refer to the logical
relationship among search terms.
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The operators used more frequently are AND & OR and not
so frequently NOT. They are used to combine search terms to
broaden or narrow the results of a search.
OR is more, AND is less.
BOOLEAN OPERATOR: AND
Using AND tells the database to look for all the words on either side of the AND.
Thus, a search for "success AND adult learners AND distance education" would
retrieve only records in which every one of the terms appears.
The more words you connect with AND, the fewer records the database will
retrieve.
AND means "I want only documents that contain both words."
BOOLEAN OPERATOR: OR
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OR
The more terms or concepts we combine in a search with OR logic, the more
records we will retrieve.
 Using OR tells the database to look for any one of the words on either side of the
OR.
 Thus, a search for "success OR achievement OR progress OR goals" would
retrieve records in which any one of the terms appears.
 OR means "I want documents that contain either word; I don't care which word."
BOOLEAN OPERATOR: NOT
Although NOT is considered a connector, it probably should be called
"The Eliminator." Use it very carefully, as it excludes any terms that follow it.
You may end up losing valuable information when you use NOT.
NOT logic is used to exclude a particular concept/term. We retrieve only records in
which ONLY ONE of the terms is present.
TRUNCATION ( * )
After identifying all the possible relevant search
terms, decide whether you are going to use
Truncation to EXTEND the search strategy.
Truncation may be used to restrict the search to
WORD STEM ( right truncation)
Chemi* will retrieve information on chemistry,
chemical, chemist, etc.
WILDCARD CHARACTER ( ? )
Wildcard can be helpful when you are unsure of the
correct spelling of a word.
A wildcard is the insertion of a question mark symbol in
place of a letter that you do not know.
wom?n will search for both women and woman
Use wildcard to retrieve words that are used differently in
American and English languages.
organi?ation will find organiSation and
organiZation
PHRASE SEARCHING (“ ”)
Phrase searching, use the quotation marks to search
for results that contained those words together, rather
than search for all instances of each separate word:
“analytical chemistry” ;
“South Africa”
“molecular genetics”
USE OF PARENTHESIS ( )
The use of parenthesis is very important in the
grouping of search terms, not only for clarity on
search terms representing the same concept, but
also for instructing the computer in WHAT
ORDER the search should be executed.
(libraries OR archives) AND future
The word future will be combined with both terms
before creating the final set
ELECTRONIC DATABASES & INTERNET
 Difference between Bibliographic & Full-text
databases
 Bibliographic databases & the Research plan
 How to find FULL-TEXT journals in the library
 Electronic Databases (Bibliographic & Full-text)
 How to search the electronic databases for
articles/references
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND FULL-TEXT
DATABASES
Bibliographic Database
A bibliographic database is an online database that lists sources of
information and describes the information, but that does not include the
text of the information itself. It contains only references to various types of
documents such as journal articles, books, conference papers and
reports.
Full-text database
A full-text database holds the complete text of original sources. The user
can read the article, print, e-mail or download a copy.
NOTE:
Full-text databases also provides access to abstracts only (Some journals
have Publishers restrictions for displaying the full-text articles)
HOW A BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE SEARCH FITS
INTO THE RESEARCH PLAN
 A search of a bibliographic database is the first step in investigating a
new research area or refining a research project.
 Surveying the previous research enables you to pinpoint topics for
further research or replication of that research.
 You can also use a search to locate general articles and books on
your topic to broaden your understanding of it and to learn about
recent developments.
 After your research is complete, you can use a bibliographic search as
an efficient way to find articles on your topic that were published since
your initial search, in order to incorporate these recent findings into
your report.
 Once references are retrieved from a bibliographic databases, you
need to try and find the full-text articles.
Search for Journals & Journal Articles
1. UJLink: Library Catalogue (http://ujlink.uj.ac.za/)
Your
Library
Account
Search for Print
& Online
Journals &
Books
List of
Databa
ses
2. Case: A-to-Z Journals
How to Find Online Journals/Books
Result
List
Type
the
title
3. Open Science Directory: Freely available scholarly journals
4. Journal Titles: Abbreviations
 If you have an Abbreviated Journal Title:
- Find the full journal title before conducting a search
- Links to useful websites are available on the Biochemistry
Subject Portal
- OR just Google the abbreviated title
5. Google Scholar (Academic articles)
(http://scholar.google.com)
MULTIDISCIPLINARY DATABASES
-
Academic OneFile (Infotrac)
Academic Search Complete (EbscoHost)
Sciences Citation index: ISI
JSTOR (Retrospective database, 3-5 years back file)
SA E-publications ( South African journals)
Science Direct ( Elsevier journals)
Science Online Magazine (full-text)
Springer Link (Springer and Kluwer journals)
Wiley Online Library
Science Direct Database (full-text, 1995+)
Science Direct: Search Results
Export citations
 Select from Export
Format:
 Click on:
 Need more
information on
RefWorks?
Click on:
SCIENCE DIRECT FEATURES:
Full Abstracts; Sort by Relevance/Data; View Related Articles; Search Feeds; Search
within Results; Full-text options; Diagrams and formulas
SCIENCE DIRECT FEATURE:
Graphical Abstracts in Chemistry Journals.
They are usually images of structures or reactions
WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY (full-text, 1997+)
SPRINGER LINK DATABASE
SUBJECTS BIBLIOGRAPHIC &
FULL-TEXT DATABASES
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Chemistry & Biochemistry
Analytical Abstracts (Bibl.)
ACS (American Chemical Society) (full-text)
CSD (Cambridge Structural Database) (C Lab)
Combined Chemical Dictionary (Dictionary of Organic Compounds; Dictionary
of Natural Products; Dictionary of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds;
Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents; Dictionary of Analytical Reagents)
Reaxys ( Formerly: Gmelin / Beilstein (with structures) NEW!
Handbook of Chemistry & Physics (CD-Rom, Library)
ICSD (Inorganic Crystal Structural Database)(C Lab)
International Tables of Crystallography
RSC (Royal Society of Chemistry) (full-text)
SciFinder Scholar (Bibl.)(at the Departments & Library)
Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (CD-Rom, Library)
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (ACS): FEATURES
Quick Article Search Screen & Advanced Article Search: Search per Title, Author, Abstract, Anywhere in article;
DOI (Digital Object Identifier), Sort Results by: Date, Relevance, Journal; HTML & PDF full-text; Feedback; Search
Tips; E-mail/Export to RefWorks results; Search Chemical & Engineering News Online;
E-Mail Alerts & RSS Feeds; ACS News & Announcements;
RSC: Royal Society of Chemistry
http://www.chemspider.com/
SCIFINDER SCHOLAR DATABASE
Chemical Abstracts Online
 With one single source, you can explore scientific information
in journals and patent literature from around the world:
- References from more than 10,000 currently published
journals and patents from more than 50 active patent issuing
authorities
- Important scientific discoveries from the present to the mid1800s
- The latest scientific breakthroughs almost as soon as they are
published with references added daily and some patent
information as recent as two days ago
- The world's largest collection of organic and inorganic
substance information
SCIFINDER SCHOLAR
SCIFINDER SCHOLAR:
Author Search
CSD: Cambridge Structural Database: Search options
C2Lab315
DRAW: Click & drag to create a bond. Drag to an existing ATOM to
make a connection
PEPTIDE: Select residues to add them to your peptide sequence.
Build variable residues using the construct button. Click right-hand
mouse button over an item in the sequence to modify properties.
AUTHOR/JOURNAL: Search for Author (e.g. F.H. Allen, O’Harra)
OR Journal title (select from a list)
NAME/CLASS: Search for Compound name OR Chemical class
(assign to some categories)
ELEMENTS: Type-in Element, e.g. CH Se or select from a Table
FORMULA: Type-in Formula OR select from a Table
SPACE GROUP: Enter full OR partial space group, Symbol OR
Number, OR pitch from list
UNIT CELL: Do you want to search on reduced cell?
Z/DENSITY: NEW!
EXPERIMENTAL: NEW!
ALL TEXT: Text search. You can either select from a list OR enter
in the box your terms. You can type Partial OR Complete word (s).
REFCODE (ENTRY ID): Search for Refcodes
HELP MENU: Tutorials are available for further assistance
CSD DATABASE FEATURES:
Draw a Chemical Structure; Search for Structure; Searches only Organic and
Organometallic compounds; Links to Web and Cross referencing;
CSD DATABASE FEATURES:TUTORIALS
Basic Substructure Search; Search with 2D Constraints; 3D Substructure
Search, Search for Non-bonded Interactions, Defining an Saving Geometric
Parameters, Cell parameters Search; Pharmacophore Search
ICSD: INORGANIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DATABASE
C2Lab315
Search for: Elements from the Periodical
Table; The Crystal data, The Reduced Cell,
The Symmetry OR The References
If you are searching for an Element from the
Periodical Table, this is the
RESULT Search screen
Database information for the
record selected
http://www.reaxys.com/info
International Tables of Crystallography
(through SpringerLink database)
RESEARCH DATABASES
 Africa-Wide NIPAD ( incl. Current & Completed
Research in SA)
 Journal Citation Report (JCR)
 NEXUS (Current & Completed Research in SA)
 Sabinet Online (Current & Completed Research,
Accredited SA journals, Government Gazette)
 UJ E-Thesis’s & Dissertations – electronic access
to UJ research
JOURNAL CITATION REPORT
JCR is comprehensive and unique resource that allows you to
evaluate and compare journals using citation data
SEARCH FOR JOURNALS IMPACT
FACTOR PER:
SUBJECT, PUBLISHER OR COUNTRY
RefWorks
An online research management, writing and collaboration tool -- to help
researchers easily gather, manage, store and share all types of information, as
well as generate citations and bibliographies
GOOGLE SCHOLAR: http://scholar.google.com
Basic & Advanced search screen; Search for Author, Publication,
Date range. Under Preferences – Export to RefWorks option; View
Recent articles (2003+); Cited by; Related articles; Full-text – available
SCIRUS: http://www.scirus.com
Basic & Advanced Search screen; Refine option by selected
keywords; View only articles, web sources or other sources
options; Search Preferences.
CHEMWEB.COM provides access to the information chemists need to
enhance their research, product development, self-development, education,
and/or their businesses in Chemistry and related disciplines
Online Books & Reference works Full-text
Online Books Portal:
http://ujsciencelibrarian.pbworks.com/Online-Books
UJ Theses & Dissertations
UJ Institutional repositories
REFERENCE TECHNIQUES
To access full Reference Techniques document, go to the
Library main page:
http://www.uj.ac.za/library
Click on: Reference Techniques
OR
Consult the reference techniques from
“FEBS JOURNAL”
Available via Wiley Online database
REFERENCE TECHNIQUES:
TERMINOLOGY
 Citation: recognizing resources in-text (to support an
“argument”/conclusion)
 Reference list: List of resources used –
bibliographic details
 Bibliography: list of relevant documents – used and
additional reading material
REFERENCE TECHNIQUES
Avoid Plagiarism by:
 Keeping a record of all the sources - books, emails, lectures (when, who, what?)
 Linking own ideas with that obtained from
sources
 Collecting/using a wide range of sources
 Acknowledge, acknowledge, acknowledge!
Basic in-text referencing (citing)
In-text reference where the author of the source is known
Simply use whatever you used as author in the reference, as well as the year of
publication. Always insert the page number where possible.
Examples:
…the result of this is a “technical super identity” (Erikson, 1967:20).
Azar and Martin (1999) found that… (As part of the sentence)
…thus Cox (1966:52) refers to the modern urbanite as…
In-text reference to more than one source:
In-text reference to more than one author should be ordered alphabetically.
Examples:
More recent studies (Bartlett, 1992; James, 1998) show that…
The researchers (Bartlett, 1992:54; Brown, 1876:56; James, 1998:45) refer to…
GENERAL FORMS FOR REFERENCE LISTS
Non-periodical
Author, A.A. (1994). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Non-periodicals include items published separately: books, reports,brochures, certain monographs,
manuals, and audiovisual media.
Part of a Non-periodical
Author, A.A. & Author, B.B. (1994). Title of chapter. In Title of book. Edited by Editor, A., Editor, B. &
Editor, C. Location: Publisher.
Periodical
Author, A.A., Author, B.B. & Author, C.C. (1994). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx:xxx-xxxx.
(Volume/Issue number/Pages)
Periodicals include items published on a regular basis: journals, magazines, scholarly newsletters,
etc.
Online periodical
Author, A.A., Author, B.B. & Author, C.C. (2000). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx:xxx-xxxx.
(Volume/Issue number/Pages) Available from: web address (Accessed day Month year).
Online document
Author, A.A. (2000). Title of work. Available from: web address (Accessed day Month year).
Access this Glogster poster for quick way to learn
about “Writing a Research Paper”
http://ujsciencelib.glogster.com/writing-a-research-report/?
CONCLUSION
"Searching the literature,
reading, and thinking are
cheaper and faster than
experimenting.“
Robert E. Maizell, chemical
information consultant
QUESTIONS