Transcript Open Access & Scholarly Authors

Take Advantage of Open Access
Increased Impact, Control and Convenience
Andrea Ketchum MLIS AHIP
Health Sciences Library System
University of Pittsburgh
[email protected]
HSLS Lunch with a Librarian
February 9, 2012
1. Open Access Overview
1. Definition
2. Evolution of Open Access
2. Advantages
3. Tools for selecting a journal and managing
your work
4. Convenience
Definition: Open Access
Open access is digital, online, free of
charge, and free of most copyright and
licensing restrictions.
2 Main Ways to Accomplish:
1. Publish in Open Access Journals
• Free full text to all readers immediately
• Popular business model: “Author-pays” (usually paid by funder)
• Sometimes FREE!! Check each journal.
2. Deposit a copy in a Repository
• Free full text to all readers immediately, but might not be .pdfs
• Examples
• PubMed Central – required under NIH Public Access Policy
• Institutional, such as Pitt’s own D-Scholarship@Pitt
• Searchable globally via Google , other search engines
Evolution of Open Access
Delivery of Medical Journals
400 years
later…
The same volume can
be shared by all
1665: Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society of London
Now available in print!
Old Books 2 by D’Arcy Norman 2007 .Creative Commons Attribution
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Limited access,
limited time
2012: Philosophical Transactions
Now available online!
Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A
By dullhunk 2010. Creative Commons Attribution
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
The understanding
1665 – now?
Photo “Big Ben” @2010 by Damo1977, used under Creative
Commons license : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Scholars research and write articles
with no payment from publisher.
Other scholars peer-review those
articles with no payment from
publisher.
University of Pittsburgh Center for Vaccine
Research http://www.cvr.pitt.edu/
Publishers manage manuscript
publication process and
disseminate the research.
Readers pay to read via subscriptions.
The understanding
1665 - ??
Print journals were purchased by individuals or
libraries, where patrons could read and make copies
of articles if needed. Print issues were owned by the
library & available to library patrons.
Scholars
provide
original,
well-written
research
articles
In exchange, scholar-authors
receive good reputation,
tenured positions.
Equilibrium
Publishers
promote
authors and
their
research
In exchange, publishers
receive money.
“Crisis in Scholarly
Communication”
Journals
•Skyrocketing journal prices
•Cancelled subscriptions
•Book budgets decimated
•Reduced access to all
*Remember –Libraries may not always
include back issues in their subscriptions,
and may not keep what they have
already paid for once a subscription
[license] ends.
http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/monser04.pdf
Examples of annual library
subscriptions (2012 prices)
•
•
•
•
•
$30,860 Journal of Comparative Neurology (Wiley)
$24,047 Brain Research (Elsevier)
$20,269 Tetrahedron (Elsevier)
$11,444 Gene (Elsevier)
$10,840 International Journal of Pharmaceutics
(Elsevier)
The New Reality: Disequilibrium
Scholars
provide
original,
well-written
research.
Note: Universities and institutions
use established publisher metrics
(impact factors) for tenure and
promotion decisions.
*Dorsey ER, George BP, Dayoub EJ, Ravina BM. Finances of
the publishers of the most highly cited US medical journals.
Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA [Internet].
2011;99(3):255.
Note: Publishers pay book
authors for content -->
Stephen King, JK Rowling…
Publishers
do NOT pay
acad jrnl
authors for
content
From The Right to Research Coalition
http://www.righttoresearch.org/learn/problem/index.shtml
We need a new model
Electronic delivery has changed information delivery & use
This is not about ideology anymore. It’s about
creating the best, most efficient mechanisms for
getting research to those who need it.”
Cameron Neylon, Science and Technology Facilities Council UK
November 11, 2011
Berlin 9 Open Access Conference
Washington, D.C.
Photo “Big Ben” @2010 by Damo1977, used under Creative
Commons license : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
University of Pittsburgh Center for Vaccine
Research http://www.cvr.pitt.edu/
December 2011
Goal: overturn the NIH
Public Access Policy
Research Works Act (RWA)
aka H.R. 3699
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112hr3699ih/pdf/BILLS-112hr3699ih.pdf
“To ensure the continued publication and integrity of peer-reviewed
research works by the private sector.”
No Federal agency may adopt, implement, maintain, continue, or otherwise engage in any policy, program,
or other activity that-(1) causes, permits, or authorizes network dissemination of any private-sector research work without the
prior consent of the publisher of such work; or
(2) requires that any actual or prospective author, or the employer of such an actual or prospective author,
assent to network dissemination of a private-sector research work.
http://goo.gl/lCg8i
Monday 29 August 2011
http://bit.ly/pviCWT
An Academic rebels
Elsevier — my part in its downfall
Tim Gowers, Gowers’s Weblog, January 21, 2012
http://gowers.wordpress.com/2012/01/21/elsevier-my-part-in-its-downfall/
1. It charges very high prices — so far above the average that it
seems quite extraordinary that they can get away with it.
2. One method that they have for getting away with it is a
practice known as “bundling.”
3. If libraries attempt to negotiate better deals, Elsevier is
ruthless about cutting off access to all their journals.
4. Elsevier supports many of the measures, such as the Research
Works Act, that attempts to roll back the NIH Public Access
Policy and Open Access in general.
Scholars withholding content
http://thecostofknowledge.com/
from Tim Gowers and Tyler Neylon
Updates:
1/30/2012: 1,603
2/1/2012: 2,782
2/2/2012: 3,193
2/3/2012: 3,461
2/7/2012: 4,434
2/9/2012: 4,913
Update Definition of Open Access
Open access is digital, online, free of
charge, and free of most copyright and
licensing restrictions.
AND
Open access is about creating a more
efficient way to get medical research
to those who need it.
How can Open Access help you?
• Impact
– Increased readership and citation
• Control
–
–
–
–
Use your articles in class
Share freely with colleagues
Post on your Web site
Reuse in subsequent work
• Convenience
– No more ordering and waiting for
articles from Document Delivery
– No more doing without!
– Share your articles via permanent links
from Repositories
Citation and Impact
Does Open Access
have a citation
advantage?
YES
Medicine: 300-450% increase
in citations when published in
Open Access journals
Citation and Impact: consensus
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Open Access(OA) increases visibility, thereby increasing citation.
OA advantage is statistically significant.
Authors tend to publish their best papers in OA journals.
OA especially enhances the impact of highly citable articles.
OA probably accelerates dissemination of research findings.
KEY REFERENCES - See also the Open Citation Project
• Swan Alma. The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date
Southampton, UK: School of Electronics & Computer Science, University of Southampton.
2010. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/18516/
• Gaulé P, Maystre N. Getting cited: Does open access help? Research Policy
2011;40(10):1332-8. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733311001065
• Gargouri Y, Hajjem C, Larivière V, Gingras Y, Carr L, Brody T, et al. Self-Selected or
Mandated, Open Access Increases Citation Impact for Higher Quality Research. PLoS ONE.
2010;5(10):e13636. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0013636
• Eysenbach G. Citation advantage of open access articles. PLoS Biol. 2006 May;4(5):e157.
Epub 2006 May 16. PubMed PMID: 16683865; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1459247.;
http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0040157
Citation and Impact
Does Open Access have a citation advantage??
The Open Citation Project - Reference Linking
and Citation Analysis for Open Archives
http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html
Last updated 25 November 2011; first posted 15 September 2004.
Connotea: Bookmarks matching tag oa.impact
http://www.connotea.org/tag/oa.impact
Retain control of your work
Would you like to
•Post your paper on your Web site?
•Use your paper in your classes?
•Send copies of your paper to colleagues?
•Reuse parts of your published research?
Traditionally, many authors automatically give their entire copyrights to
the publisher, making the above impossible.
RETAIN rights to your own work by
• Publishing in an Open Access journal
• Using an Author Addendum to retain the right to deposit a copy of
your paper in your institutions’ repository and/or other activities.
The NIH Public Access Policy requires that you retain the right to deposit a
copy of your NIH-funded work in PubMed Central within 12 months. Your
publisher must agree to this. Check your publisher agreement or insert the
proper language. (See the HSLS NIH Public Access Policy page.)
Author Addendum
Use to request permission to retain rights to your own work:
just download, fill in, and attach to your publisher agreement.
The publisher may agree or
not, but you’ll never get an
answer if you do not ask!
A contract is an opportunity
to negotiate.
• SPARC Author Addendum
– http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/
• Scholar’s Copyright Addendum Engine
– http://scholars.sciencecommons.org/
How can you take full
advantage of Open Access?
• Publish as “Open” as possible– shop around!
– Use online tools to find an Open Access journal that meets your needs
– Author fees vary, but many do not charge at all.
– Remember: Author fees often paid by research funder
• Retain the right to deposit a copy in a Repository
– Check publisher/journal copyright policy first!
– [email protected] (Pitt’s own!) or other
– Some publishers permit this, but conditions apply
• versions, embargoes etc.
– Publish in any journal, but attach an Author Addendum
• No charge! Just attach a copy of Addendum
• Read your publisher’s agreement first! Some journals already permit this without extra
paperwork – see previous point
Selecting a Journal
Consider (Cost + Impact + Access)
OA Publisher # Journals and Author Fees
http://goo.gl/gxmcq
Hybrids: $3,000+
Elsevier, Oxford U.
Press and more
PLoS
Created using ManyEyes, an open visualization
generator from IBM. www.many-eyes.com
45
#Journals per Publisher & Impact Factor Range
40
3
VersitaOpen(Hlth)
PLoS
35
PAGEPress
4
30
MEDKNOW
3
25
Libertas Academica
2
Hindawi
7
20
10
1
15
Frontiers
38
Dove Press
2
2
1
10
9
Bentham Science
18
1
14
11
5
1
3
0
BioMedCentral
7
1
Impact Factor range
2
1
1
Open Access Journal Selection Flowchart
1
subject search
Ulrich’s
Directory
Narrow results
w/ Open
Access option
Type “ulrich’s periodicals”
into HSLS homepage
searchbox, follow links to
electronic version.
Narrow
results w/JCR
option
2
Author Fees
- YES
Search the Directory
of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ) for
Author Fees and
more
http://www.doaj.org/
1
2
3
Extra:
Check Details –
What is fee?
Does your
funder pay
fee? Is it
worth it?
Author Fees
- NO
3
Check
SHERPA/RoMEO
for copyright
policies
http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
Retain as
many author
rights as
possible.
Tools for Selecting an Open Access Journal
1.
Ulrich's Periodicals Directory
1.
2.
3.
2.
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) – over 7,000 journals!
1.
3.
Search or browse by subject all peer-reviewed Open Access journals
in the world. (Also full text searchable!)
SHERPA/RoMEO
1.
4.
Access by typing full title into HSLS search box and selecting the
electronic version from the results.
Subject search, narrow by features such as Open Access, PeerReviewed, Journal Citation Reports (does it have an impact factor?)
Note: only available to Pitt student, staff, faculty
Search for journal or publisher copyright agreement – review your
rights before sending your manuscript.
ISI Journal Citation Reports (JCR) (only if greater detail needed)
1.
2.
3.
From HSLS home page, type JCR into search box, select and hit Enter
Search for journal by publisher, subject, or journal title
Find Impact Factors for journals
Ulrich’s Directory
Search for topic, then narrow results
•Open Access
•Journal Citation Reports
DOAJ http://www.doaj.org/
Directory of Open Access Journals
Publication Fee?
SHERPA/RoMEO
http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
Repositories – a few words…
Repositories are critical to Open Access. They are the online storage
facilities for the free versions of research articles and other scholarly
research materials. Repositories have standardized and interoperable
search engines, making them easily searchable.
• Institutional
– University of Pittsburgh: D-Scholarship@Pitt
– MIT: DSpace@MIT
– Harvard: DASH
• Subject
– PubMed Central
2 sides to a coin
Get something out
Put something in
• Contribute article to
Repository
Deposit
Cite
• Increase your
discoverability and
citation count
• Preserve your work
Preserve automatically
Search
• Search thousands of
global Repositories
simultaneously
• Find new authors, ideas
Discover
Share
• Collaborate, share
Open Access Info @ Pitt
• HSLS:
– Andrea Ketchum, HSLS Reference Librarian
• [email protected] ; 648-9757
• AskALibrarian on HSLS WebSite: www.hsls.pitt.edu
University–wide resources:
– Pitt’s Institutional Repository: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/
– Open Access at Pitt: http://openaccess.pitt.edu/
Be Open to Open Access!
Thank you for attending today’s
Lunch with a Librarian
Questions? Comments?
Contact
Andrea Ketchum MLIS AHIP
Health Sciences Library System
200 Scaife Hall
University of Pittsburgh
[email protected]
412-648-9757
Bibliography (in order of appearance…)
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ARL Statistics 2003-04, Association of Research Libraries, Washington, D.C. http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/monser04.pdf
Dorsey ER, George BP, Dayoub EJ, Ravina BM. Finances of the publishers of the most highly cited US medical journals. Journal of the Medical
Library Association: JMLA [Internet]. 2011;99(3):255. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3133891/pdf/mlab-99-03-255.pdf
The Right to Research Coalition. http://www.righttoresearch.org/learn/problem/index.shtml
Howard, J. At Open-Access Meeting, Advocates Emphasize the Impact of Sharing Knowledge. Chronicle of Higher Education: Wired Campus.
Nov. 11, 2011. http://goo.gl/RLwiC
Research Works Act (H.R.3699) December 16, 2011 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112hr3699ih/pdf/BILLS-112hr3699ih.pdf
The Research Works Act: a damaging threat to science. Lancet. 2012 Jan 28;379(9813):288. PubMed PMID: 22284642
Fister B. Tiptoeing Toward the Tipping Point | Peer to Peer Review. Library Journal. 2012. http://goo.gl/GTMkW
The Price of Information. The Economist. February 4, 2012. http://www.economist.com/node/21545974
Worstall, T. Elsevier’s Publishing Model Might be About to Go Up In Smoke. Forbes. January 28, 2012. http://goo.gl/lCg8i
Dobbs, D. Testify: The Open Science Movement Catches Fire. Wired Blogs. January 30, 2011. http://goo.gl/Kazbz
Monbiot G. Academic publishers make Murdoch look like a socialist. The Guardian. 2011 August 29. http://bit.ly/pviCWT
Gowers, T. Elsevier — my part in its downfall. Gowers’s Weblog. January 21, 2011. http://gowers.wordpress.com/2012/01/21/elsevier-my-partin-its-downfall/
Gowers, T. The Cost of Knowledge. http://thecostofknowledge.com/
Swan Alma. The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date Southampton, UK: School of Electronics & Computer Science,
University of Southampton. 2010. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/18516/
Gaulé P, Maystre N. Getting cited: Does open access help? Research Policy 2011;40(10):1332-8.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733311001065
Gargouri Y, Hajjem C, Larivière V, Gingras Y, Carr L, Brody T, et al. Self-Selected or Mandated, Open Access Increases Citation Impact for Higher
Quality Research. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(10):e13636. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0013636
Eysenbach G. Citation advantage of open access articles. PLoS Biol. 2006 May;4(5):e157. Epub 2006 May 16. PubMed PMID: 16683865;
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1459247.; http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0040157
The Open Citation Project. http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html
Connotea: Bookmarks matching tag oa.impact http://www.connotea.org/tag/oa.impact
SPARC Author Addendum. http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/
Scholar’s Copyright Addendum Engine. http://scholars.sciencecommons.org/
ManyEyes, an open visualization generator from IBM. www.many-eyes.com
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=subject&cpid=24 (Note: search for journal titles + search full text
individual journals!)
SHERPA/RoMEO. http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/index.php?fIDnum=|&mode=simple&la=en. Directory of Publisher/journal copyright policies
University of Pittsburgh Institutional Repository - D-Scholarship@Pitt [email protected]
MIT Institutional Repository: D-Space@MIT http://dspace.mit.edu/
Lunch with a Librarian: Take Advantage of Open Access
Harvard University Institutional Repository: DASH http://dash.harvard.edu/
Andrea M. Ketchum MLIS AHIP
Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh
February 2012