Transcript Aegean Civilizations (Minoan Civilization, Rulers

Aegean Civilizations
(Minoan Civilization, Rulers of Mycenae,
and the Age of Homer)
Presentation created by Robert L. Martinez
Primary Content Source: Prentice Hall World History
Images as cited.
Washed by the warm waters of the
Aegean Sea, Crete was home to a brilliant
early civilization. Minoan civilization
reached its height between 1750 B.C.E.
and 1500 B.C. E.
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The success of the Minoans was based on
trade, not conquest. Minoan traders set up
outposts throughout the Aegean world. For
their island home in the eastern
Mediterranean, they crossed the seas to the
Nile Valley and the Middle East.
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The rulers of this trading empire lived a vast
palace at Knossos. It housed rooms for the
royal family, banquet halls, and working areas
for artisans. It included religious shrines,
dedicated to their gods and goddesses.
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minoancivilization.net
The walls of the palace were covered with
colorful frescoes (watercolor paintings). These
frescoes tell us much about Minoan society.
Leaping dolphins reflect the importance of the
sea. Religious images indicate that the Minoans
worshipped the bull and mother goddess.
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The frescoes suggest that women
appeared freely in public and may have
enjoyed more rights than women in most
other ancient civilizations.
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By 1400 B.C.E., Minoan civilization had
vanished. No one is sure of the reasons for the
disappearance. A sudden volcanic eruption on
a nearby island may have rained flaming death
on Knossos. An earthquake may have
destroyed the palace, followed by a tidal wave
that drowned the inhabitants.
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However, invaders certainly played a role
in the destruction of Minoan civilization.
These intruders were the Mycenaeans,
the first Greek-speaking people.
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Like the Aryans who swept into India, the
Mycenaeans were an Indo-European
people. They conquered the Greek
mainland before overrunning Crete.
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Mycenaean civilization dominated the Aegean
world from about 1400 B.C.E. to 1200 B.C.E.
Like the Minoans, the Mycenaeans were sea
traders. They reached out beyond the Aegean
Sea to Sicily, Italy, Egypt, and Mesopotamia.
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The Mycenaeans lived in separate citystates on the mainland. In each, a warriorking built a think-walled fortress from
which he ruled the surrounding villages.
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The Mycenaeans are best remembered for
their part in the Trojan War, which took place
around 1250 B.C.E. The conflict may have had
its origins in economic rivalry between
Mycenae and Troy.
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Troy controlled the vital straits that
connect the Mediterranean and Black
Seas.
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However, Greek legend attributes the war
to a more romantic tale. After the Trojan
prince Paris kidnapped Helen, the
beautiful wife of a Greek king, the
Mycenaeans sailed to Troy to rescue her.
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For the next 10 years, the two sides
battled until the Greeks finally seized
Troy and burned the city to the
ground.
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Not long after the fall of Troy, Mycenaean
civilization crumbled under the attack of
sea raiders. About the same time, Greekspeaking Dorians, invaded from the north.
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We get hints about this time period from
two epic poems, the Iliad and Odyssey.
These epics may have been credited to
the poet Homer, who lived about 750
B.C.E.
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Homer was a blind poet who wandered
from village to village, singing of heroic
deeds. His tales were passed on orally for
generations before they finally written
down.
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The Iliad is our chief source of
information about the Trojan War,
although the story involves gods,
goddesses, and even a talking horse.
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The Odyssey tells of the adventures of the
Greek hero Odysseus to return home to his
faithful wife, Penelope after the fall of Troy. On
his long voyage, he encounters a sea monster, a
race of one-eyed giants, and a beautiful
sorceress who turns men into swine.
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The Iliad and Odyssey reveal much about
the values of the ancient Greeks. For
almost 3,000 years, the epics of Homer
have inspired European writers and
artists.
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