Transcript CHARACTERISTICS OF MATTER

CHARACTERISTICS
OF MATTER
A Science Lesson for
6th Grade
Mass vs. Matter
• Matter is anything that has mass and
volume.
• The amount of matter found in an
object is called its Mass.
• Weight is a measure of the force of
gravity acting on a mass.
http://life.csu.edu.au/~lbenton/images/scales.gif
How are Mass and Weight
different?
Have you ever wondered what your weight would
be on another planet?
Text C10
Volume & Density
• The volume of an object
is the amount of space it
takes up.
Test your knowledge
of volume.
• Density refers to the
amount of matter packed
into a given space.
http://www.indofinechemical.com/images/beaker.jpg
Text C11-C15
Solids - Liquids - Gasses
• In a solid, chemical forces hold the
particles in place. A solid keeps it
shape.
• In a liquid, particles can slip and slide
past each other. A liquid has no
definite shape.
• In a gas, particles spread out to fill
their container. Gasses have no
definite shape or volume.
http://www2.yarden.ac.il/bloss/scicamp/guides/liat/liat.htm
Check out States of Matter in
Action!
Text C19-C21
Change of State
• Energy is always involved in a
change of state.
• When heat is added to a liquid,
particles escape into the air as
vapor in a process called
evaporation.
• If enough heat is removed from a
gas, it will change to a liquid in a
process called condensation.
• If enough heat is them removed
from the liquid, it will change to a
solid in a process called freezing.
http://www2.kapoleims.k12.hi.us/campuslife/teams/0203/g7/defaultfiles/ScienceWeb/physical_science.htm
Test your knowledge!
Text C25-C28
Parts of an Atom
• An atom is the smallest particle of an
element that has the chemical
properties of the element.
• Protons (+) are particles that have a
positive charge. They are found in the
nucleus.
• Electrons (-) are particles with a
negative charge that orbit the nucleus.
• A neutron (O) has no electrical
charge. It also is found in the nucleus
of an atom.
http://www.clarkpud.apogee.net/kids/ animgif/atom.gif
Text C35
• Most of atom’s mass is found in it’s
protons and neutrons.
• Elements have been
Elements
classified on a chart called
the Periodic Table of
Elements.
• Russian Chemist Dmitri
Medeleev published the first
table on elements in 1869.
• When writing about
elements, scientists use a
kind of shorthand in which
each element has its own
chemical symbol. Examples:
Iron=FE, Gold =Au.
http://www.chemsoc.org/timeline/graphic/1869_ptable.jpg
Text C36-C37
Elements, Compounds,
and Mixtures
• An element is a substance that cannot be
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broken down by simple means into any
other substance. It contains only one kind
of atom. Copper and gold are elements.
• A compound is a substance made up of
two or more elements that are chemically
combined. They cannot be physically
separated. Water and sugar are
compounds.
• A mixture is made up of two or more
substances that can be separated by
physical means. Air is a mixture.
Solutions and Alloys
• A mixture in which the different particles
of matter are spread evenly throughout is
called a solution . When sugar mixes
with water to form sugar water, this is an
example of a solution.
• A solution has two main parts. The
solvent is the material that is present in
the greater amount. The solute is the
material present in the smaller amount.
• An alloy is a solution of two or more
metals with properties of its own. An
alloy is made by melting two or more
http:// www.arrochem.com/webgraphics/ purpbeaker.jpg
metals and mixing them together.
Bronze, Stainless Steel, and Brass are
Text C57, C59
alloys.
Physical and Chemical
Changes
http://www.pressdemocrat.com/temp/snowphot
os/melting.jpg
• A physical change is a change in the size,
shape, or state of a material. No new
matter is formed during a physical change.
Examples of physical changes are melting
snow or sharpening a pencil.
• A chemical change is a change in matter
that results in new substances with new
properties. Rusting Iron and rotting food
are examples of chemical changes.
• Take a quiz on Physical and chemical
changes.
http://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs448c-00-fall/rust.jpg
Text C68-C69