Transcript Document
Mobile & embedded system: Introduction Lin Zhong ELEC424, Fall 2010 System vs. processor/IC vs. “chip” System Ready to interface with the physical world, including human users Usually has non-computing components Battery, display, microphone, motor, etc. System > Chip >=processor/IC Non silicon components hard to integrate into chip: “Board” vs. “Chip” System on a chip (SoC) Processor + silicon components of a system 2 Embedded systems Physical Functional Component of a larger system More or less fixed set of applications Programming Foreign application development Code compile on a different computer Not necessarily small, inexpensive or standalone What are not embedded systems? Super computers, servers Personal computers A rough definition of embedded systems A computing system that is not called super computer, server, or personal computer 3 Mobile systems Great computing capacity Established social acceptance Individual ownership Unbeatable portability Display Wireless HCI Battery 4 Computing capacity Samsung S5L8900 412MHz 128MB RAM/8-16GB Flash WiFi, Bluetooth 2.0, 3G 4.7 oz Apple iPhone (2008) Intel Pentium MMX 233MHz 64MB RAM/4GB Disk Ethernet 14 pounds IBM Thinkpad 770 (1998) 5 Established social acceptance 7000 Source: ITU/Business Today Number in millions 6000 5000 World population 4000 Mobile cellular subscribers Personal computers 3000 Internet users 2000 1000 0 1990 2000 2005 2010 60% population have a cell phone (2009) 1995 3.3 billions (ITU 2008) 800 millions accessed Internet through phones 80% population live under cellular network coverage (2006) 90% phone lines in Africa are mobile phones 6 But… Limited I/O capacity Between the device & its physical context Limited battery capacity No Moore’s Law for battery capacity Limited heat dissipation capacity Especially its user! No Moore’s Law for human capacity No Moore’s Law for thermodynamics Limited human attention 7 Computing vs. human performance 1000000 Olympic Gold Metal winner: 100m dash (men) Times of improvement 100000 Olympic God Metal winner: 100m dash (women) # of transistors for Intel processor 10000 1000 100 10 1 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 Year Sources: intel.com and factmonster.com 8 Computing vs. humanity 10 1 USA $ 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.000001 1965 USA Federal minimum wage in 2003 dollar Average transistor price for Intel processors in contemporary dollar 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Source: Intel.com and dol.gov 9 Speed (words per minute) Text entry speed 180 160 150 140 Raw speed Raw speeds do not improve 120 100 Corrected speed 80 60 40 25 23 22 20 13 12 15 7 0 Speaking mini hardware keyboard Software keyboard with stylus Handwriting 10 If you could use only one computer Samsung S5L8900 412MHz 128MB RAM/8-16GB Flash WiFi, Bluetooth 2.0, 3G 4.7 oz Apple iPhone (2008) Intel Pentium MMX 233MHz 64MB RAM/4GB Disk Ethernet 14 pounds IBM Thinkpad 770 (1998) 11 Limited battery capacity Mobile devices are weight-sensitive Battery density increases about 10% annually 1950 Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) 1990 Nickel-metal Hydride (NiMH) 1991 Lithium Ion (Li-ion) 1999 Li-ion Polymer Most devices have battery capacity within 1500mAh, typically slightly more than 1000mAh (@3-5V) Nokia 9500 communicator: 1300mAh (@3-5V) Li-ion Polymer, 172 grams Dell Latitude D610: 4700mAh (@11V) Li-ion, 2300 grams 12 Limited heat transfer capacity No active thermal management Better packaging material Energy storage with phase-change materials Thermal management of a thin laptop Water cooling of a high-end PC Source: Intel Technology Journal Source: water-cooling.com 13 A hot case: 3-Watt Nokia 3120 Every one Watt increases surface temperature by about 13 deg C Phone case temperature will be 40 deg C higher. 14 Design challenges Limited I/O capacity Limited battery capacity No Moore’s Law for battery capacity Limited heat dissipation capacity No Moore’s Law for human capacity No Moore’s Law for thermodynamics Limited human attention 15 Design challenges (Contd.) 9000 Gateway highend desktop Gateway laptop Nokia 9xxx communicator Nokia 9xxx weight (g) Nokia 9xxx volume (cc) 1000 800 150 600 66 100 33 400 24 10 1 1990 1000 200 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 Year of introduction 2002 2004 Weight (g)/Volumne(cc) It is10000 NOT about computing Processor speed in MHz Source: Dr. Cutler and Nokia.com 0 2006 9500 9110 9210 16 Design challenges (Contd.) It is about Integrating heterogeneous components Making computing (energy) efficient Low-power design Thermal management Making computing useful Make users more productive Make users healthier Make them happier Get more users 17 ELEC424 in ECE curriculum User interface (including domain-specific solutions, compilers, software engineering) Operating system (including network, file system, device drivers) Processor Digital IC RF circuit Display Battery System integration Application software etc 18 Major components System Embedded computing Sensors, batteries, displays etc. Human factors System development ARM, TI MSP430 Low-power design Real-time concepts Control Non-computing elements Board, system on chip, Windows Mobile, Linux, iPhone Applications Health, automobile, telecommunication, entertainment etc. 19 From Tilt 1 to Tilt 2 Tilt 1 was a sensor node Tilt 2 will be the control system for a Quadrotor 20 New this year (Contd.) Lectures & homework Project building a complete embedded system 21 Build a complete embedded system System and function design Printed circuit board design & fabrication Board assembly Operating system installation Program 22 Administrative info. Homework Participation Presentation In class quiz Mid term Final 10% 10% 20% 10% 20% 30% 23 Blink check point http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MO JyYXPwe-E 24 Tilt check point http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7O ANI1LelE 25 Balance check point http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4k mJuIE8G8U 26 Lift and balance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6u C6AasfJo 27