Transcript 14:3 - Eastern Upper Peninsula ISD

14:3
• Life on the Home Front
– Businesses hire minorities and women
– “Rosie the Riveter”
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• African-Americans
– Not hired by defense contractors
– Demand changes
– Roosevelt issues Executive Order 8802 (June, 1941)
• First civil rights agency created by federal government
since Reconstruction (1870s)
• Forbids discrimination in defense work
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• Bracero Program
– bracero = “worker”
– Government hires 200,000 Mexican workers
• Harvest fruit and vegetables
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• A Nation on the Move
– Wartime economy creates millions of jobs
– Many people move to south
• Creation of the “Sunbelt”
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• The Housing Crisis
– War industries cities lack housing
– Roosevelt creates National Housing Agency (NHA)
• Provides prefabricated houses
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• Great Migration starts up again
– Massive movement of African-Americans north
• Riots in some northern cities
– Detroit, June 20, 1943
• Belle Isle
• 25 African-Americans killed
• 9 whites killed
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• The Zoot Suit Riots
– Southern California
– Racism against Mexican-Americans
• 2,500 soldiers and sailors attack Mexican-Americans
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• Japanese-American Relocation
– Many Americans on west coast turn against
Japanese immigrants
– Roosevelt allows military to designate parts of the
country a “military zone”
– People with Japanese ancestry forced into
internment camps
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• Legal Action Against Internment
– Korematsu v United States (Dec 1944)
– Supreme Court ruled internment was
constitutional
• Not based on race, but military urgency
– Ex Parte Endo
• Supreme Court ruled Americans cannot be held against
their will
• End of internment camps
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• Cost of the War
– $300 billion
– more money than the government spent in total
between 1787 to 1940
– Office of Price Administration (OPA)
• “rationing”
– Limiting use of goods and materials