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A conceptional design of SOLID-TOF
Outline:
• Development of low resistive glass and high rate
RPC
• Experience in MRPC mass production
• Conceptional design of SOLID-TOF
• Conclusions
Wang Yi
Department of Engineering Physics
Tsinghua University
Wang Yi, Tsinghua University
Third workshop on hadron physics in China
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Introduction of MRPC
High electric field
~100kV/cm
high drift velocity ~220m/ns
high Townsend coefficient
Operate in avalanche mode
Gas: Freon (electron affinity)
iso-butane (UV photon absorption)
SF6 (streamer suppressing)
Small gap: 0.2-0.3mm, high resolution
Multi-gaps: high efficiency
Large area, high granularity
Good time resolution<100ps
High efficiency> 95%
Low cost
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Was used or will be used in
ALICE, STAR, FOPI, HADES
HARP, CBM, Jlab and NICAMPD
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TOF with different rate capability
• Low rate TOF
rate <1kHz/cm2, such as ALICE, STAR, FOPI, HADES and MPD
MRPC with float glass with resistivity ~1012cm
• High rate TOF
rate >1kHz/cm2
─ CBM ~20kHz/cm2 in center
─ Jlab ~10kHz/cm2
─ Others
MRPC with low resistive glass with resistivity ~1010cm
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World map of MRPC’s rate capability
6
10
2
Maxmum counting rate(kHz/cm )
Electron beam (Rossendorf)
5
Beijing1
Beijing2
Dresden
Lib Coimbra
AlICE-muon
LHCb
ATLAS
Warsam
CMS-forward
CMS-barrel
CERN+Bologna
CERN+Rio
ALICE-TOF
STAR
Lip+USC)
INR+CBM
Rate  1/ 
10
Proton beam (GSI)
CBM requirement
4
10
3
10
warm glass
streamer mode
2
10
8
10
9
10
10
10
11
10
12
10
13
10
Volume resistivity (cm)
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Performance of low resistivity glass
Specifications:
Maximal dimension: 50cm×50cm
Bulk resistivity:
~1010.cm
Standard thickness: 0.5mm--2mm
Thickness uniformity: 0.02mm
Dielectric constant: ~9
Surface roughness: <10nm
DC measurement: very stable
Scanned image of glass
Thickness distribution
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1E10
1E9
10
9
8
7
6
Current(A)
5
10
Bulk resitivity(10 cm)
4
5
3
4
2
3
2
1
1E8
0
200
400
600
800
10
Bulk resistivity(cm)
1E11
7
6
Current(A)
20°C
30°C
40°C
50°C
60°C
70°C
Bulk resistivity(10 cm)
Performance test of glass
1000
Applied voltage(V)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Time(day)
 Resistivity decreases with temperature
 Resistivity is very stable in DC measurement
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This glass was applied with 1000V for about
32days, integrated charge: 1 C/cm2
--roughly corresponding to the CBM lifetime over 5 years operation at the maximum
particle rate.
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Prototype of high rate MRPC (pad-readout)
+
FEE
Colloidal graphite: 2M /
Gas gap:10×0.22mm
Glass: 0.78mm,1mm
resistivity: ～1010Ω.cm
2 cm 2 cm
13 cm
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Cosmic ray test
Cosmic ray test:
Time resolution: ~80ps
Efficiency: >95%
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100
95
90
90
80
85
70
80
60
75
50
70
40
65
30
60
20
55
10
50
Streamer ratio (%)
Efficiency (%)
100
0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.2
6.4
High voltage (kV)
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Test results by proton beam @GSI
100
150
130
140
130
90
110
85
100
90
80
80
75
70
Efficiency(%)
Time resolution(ps)
50
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
120
110
100
90
90
80
85
70
60
70
2.3
Efficiency(%)
Time resolution(ps)
95
Efficiency(%)
120
Time resolution(ps)
Efficiency(%)
95
80
Time resolution(ps)
100
60
0
5
10
15
20
25
2
Applied voltage(kV/gap)
Particle flux (kHz/cm )
Efficiency and time resolution as a
function of high voltage at a rate of
about 800Hz/cm2
When the particle flux increases every 5
kHz/cm2, the efficiency decreases by 1%
and the time resolution deteriorates by 4 ps.
In this test, T0 is about 70ps, the time resolution is deteriorated.
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Beam Test @Rossendorf
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Source: 30MeV electron
Trigger: S1^S2^S3^S4^S6^RF
Beam size: 7cm2
MRPC and S6 are placed on
movable columns.
S6: 35mm*35mm*5mm
Reference time: RF signal from
ElBE
CAEN TDC 1290 N: 24.5 ps/bin
QDC: V965: 25 fc/bin
Efficiency is determined by the
scaler.
Gas: 85% Freon+5% Iso+ 10%SF6
Eff 
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Countsrpc
Countstrigger
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HV scan of pad MRPC
•
•
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Time resolution: 45ps
Efficiency: 97％
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Rate scan of pad MRPC
•
•
•
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Rate: >30kHz/cm2
Time resolution: <60ps
Efficiency: >90％
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Time resolution of all pads (1)
10 kHz/cm2
Time resolution (ps) (T0 is subtracted)
60
59
57
65
73
62
58
54
62
77
63
65
Intrinsic time resolution (The jitter of T0, FEE and TD are all subtracted)
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43
40
50
60
47
42
36
46
66
48
51
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Time resolution of all pads (2)
50 kHz/cm2
Time resolution (ps)
72
74
68
71
79
79
73
73
79
90
78
81
Intrinsic time resolution (ps)
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60
62
54
58
70
68
61
61
68
80
67
70
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Prototype of high rate MRPC (strip-readout)
Colloidal graphite: 2M /
Gas gap: 10×0.25mm
Glass: 0.78mm,1mm
resistivity: ～1010Ω.cm
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HV scan of strip MRPC (Rosendorf)
•
•
Working voltage: 6.45 kV
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Time resolution: 45ps
Efficiency: 97％
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Rate scan of strip MRPC
•
•
•
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Rate: >30kHz/cm2
Time resolution: <60ps
Efficiency: >90％
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Position Scan
"or" eff
strip1
strip2
strip3
"and" eff
100
Efficiency(%)
80
MRPC#3
60
40
20
0
3
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Rpcy
strip2
strip3
Efficiency(%)
"and" eff
60
MRPC#4
40
Time resolution(ps)
strip1
strip1
110
"or" eff
80
1
40
Rpcy(mm)
100
2
strip2
strip3
100
90
80
70
20
-20
0
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
-10
0
10
20
30
Rpcy(mm)
Rpcy(mm)
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MRPC workshop @ Tsinghua
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MRPC production scheme for STAR
2007
2006
1/2
3/4
5/6 7/8 9/10 11/12 1/2
3/4
5/6 7/8 9/10 11/12 1/2
2008
3/4
5/6 7/8
Prod Start
132 MRPCs
768 MRPCs
1856 MRPCs
2944 MRPCs
4032 MRPCs
MRPC production was finished in September of 2008.
In Tsinghua:
3100 MRPC have been produced;
2951 Modules passed QA, yield >95% ;
2840 modules shipped to UT Austin .
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PID of STAR-TOF
TOF
PID capability:
 /k ~1.6 GeV/c,
(,k)/p ~ 3.0 GeV/c
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Observation of Anti-Helium
Nature Vol 473,(2011) 353-356
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R&D and production of STAR-MTD
Plan
2011
1/2
3/4
2012
5/6 7/8 9/10 11/12 1/2 3/4 5/6
7/8 9/10 11/12
Start
20 LMRPCs
40 LMRPCs
60 LMRPCs
80 LMRPCs
100 LMRPCs
115 LMRPCs
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Experimental layout of SoLID
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Requirement for TOF
• /k separation up to 2.5GeV/c
─ assume 9m path-length: (20:1 kaon rejection at 2.5GeV/c)
─ High rate MRPC
─ <80ps
─ Rate capability>30kHz/cm2
─ Estimated rates: 10kHz/cm2
─ Active area: 10m2
─ Granularity: A~ 32—63cm2
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TOF Design- MRPC Module
Structure of one module
• Low resistive glass
• 10×0.25mm gaps
• 11 strips
This module will be tested with cosmic ray
• strip width: 25mm
and beam!
• interval: 3mm
• differential readout
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TOF structure
Gas box
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SM number：50
Each SM contain 3 modules
Each module consists of 11 strips
Strip width：25mm
Interval：3mm
Shortest strip：13cm
Longest strip：25cm
Total electronic channels：3300
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TOF electronics
• Fast preamplifier：
Maxim3760 (RICE Univ.)
Ninos TOT (ALICE)
Padi TOT (GSI)
CAD TOT(Tsinghua)
• QDC (CAEN, 25fC/bin)
• TDC
HPTDC (ALICE, 25ps/ch)
GET4 (GSI, 25ps/ch)
FPGA TDC (?)
• DAQ
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CAD: Current Amplifier and Discriminator
M1
M2
iout
iin
Cin
1.52mm
Current
Amp
1:N
Current
Disc.
0is
ith
NM0
Vout
PM0
1.52mm
Fully Current Mode  Simple, Compact and Less power consumption
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Key parameters
CAD-1.0
PADI-1
NINO-25
NINO-13
Peaking time
~1ns
<1ns
1ns
0.6ns
Linear range
1000A*1
-60-60A*1
0-100fC*2
0-100fC*2
Time jitter
<20ps, rms*3
<15ps, rms*4
10-25ps, rms
6-25ps, rms
Power consumption
10mW/ch
<30mW/ch
30mW/ch
5mW/ch
Input type
S.E.
DIFF.
DIFF.
DIFF.
Input impedance
50-70
48-58
30-100
30-100
Discriminator threshold 263A*1
10-400A*1
20-100fC*2
20-100fC*2
CMOS process
0.18m
0.25m
0.13m
0.35m
*1: for current pulse with 0.3ns rise time, 1-2ns FWHM, and 0.3ns fall time
*2: for square current pulse with 200ps width
*3: for 200A input current
*4: for 100A input current
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A solution for TOF system
IN+
FPGA
TDC
INMRPC
CAD
ASIC
FEE
Board
Ethernet
DAQ
Board
Digitizer
Board
MRPC technology will be used to construct TOF. Combine ASIC FEE and
FPGA TDC and Ethernet DAQ s
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Conclusions
• Development of low resistive glass with resistivity ~
1010Ωcm, very good performance.
• Development of pad- and strip- readout high rate MRPCs,
rate capability>25kHz/cm2, time resolution<60ps. The
glass and detector is adopted by CBM to construct TOF.
• Conceptional design of SOLID-TOF.
• It can also be use in other experiments such as NICAMPD.
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Thanks for your attention!
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