Transcript Стратегии речевого поведения в англоязы

СТРАТЕГИИ
РЕЧЕВОГО
ПОВЕДЕНИЯ В
АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОЙ
СРЕДЕ
Куликова М.В.,
учитель английского языка
МБОУ «СОШ № 276»
Гаджиево, Мурманская обл.
ДОМИНАНТЫ АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОГО И
РУССКОЯЗЫЧНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ
Выражение:
Примеры
Англоязычное общение
Русскоязычное общение
побуждения
предложение,
приказ,
просьба, совет
неоднозначность
прямолинейность
позитивной
оценки
комплимент,
похвала,
благодарность
преувеличение
преуменьшение
негативной
оценки
критика,
жалоба, упрёк,
обвинение
смягчение,
преуменьшение
категоричность,
преувеличение
МАКРОСТРАТЕГИИ
Маневрирования
Дистанцирования
Намека
Уклонения
Реагирования
Поддержки собеседника
Поддержки контакта
СТРАТЕГИИ ДИСТАНЦИРОВАНИЯ
Тактика смещения
временного плана
Техника
смещения в
прошлое или
будущее
Техника
использования
продолженного
времени
Тактика использования
модальных глаголов
Техника
использования
модальных
глаголов в
устойчивых
конструкциях
Техника
использования
модальных
глаголов с
условным
наклонением
ТЕХНИКА СМЕЩЕНИЯ В ПРОШЛОЕ ИЛИ
БУДУЩЕЕ
Functions
Indirect
Direct
order formulae
I'll have to ask you to sign it./You’ll need (You must) Sign it.
to sign it.
order/instruction
Will you open the books and start
reading?
Open the books and start
reading.
suggestion/offer
Shall we go out for a meal somewhere
downtown?
Let's go out for a meal...
offering/accepting
- That will be $10. - That'// be OK.
- It is $10. - That's OK.
polite enquiry
How many guests did you intend to
invite over?
How many...do you intend
to...
request formulae
I thought you could /would like to.
I think you could...
suggestion
I thought it might be nice to visit an old
friend
I think it's nice to visit a
friend
request/offer
I wondered if you were free at ten
o'clock?
I wonder if you were free at
ten?
ТЕХНИКА ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ
ПРОДОЛЖЕННОГО ВРЕМЕНИ
Functions
Indirect
Direct
polite enquiry
What meetings are you planning to
arrange?
Let us know your plans.
stating
inventions
I'm sorry, I must be going, or I'll be
late for dinner.
Sorry, I must go, or I'll be
late.
request formulae I 'm hoping you can give me a hand in
packing.
I hope you can give me...
parting formulae I'm looking forward to hearing from
you soon.
I look forward to hearing...
suggestion
I was thinking — what about having a
picnic?
I thought — what about...
polite enquiry
Will you be staying with us at
Christmas?
Are you staying with us...?
request formulae I was wondering if you had a bag to
spare?
I wondered if you had...
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МОДА ЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ
В УСТОЙЧИВЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЯХ
Functions
Indirect
Direct
request formulae
Could/would you lend me your printer?
Will you lend me your printer?
invitation
Would you care to follow me upstairs?
Do you care to follow me
upstairs?
opinion
Might it be alright to do it this way?
Is it alright to do it this way?
inquiry
When would that taken place?
When did it take place?
offer/suggestion
Suppose we might give them a lift?
Let's give them a lift.
criticism/advice
You could/might warn them in advance.
You should/must warn them in
advance.
opinion/offer
I’d think we might spend a night here.
I think we'll spend a night here.
opinion/criticism
I'd say this is not the best way to treat
cats.
I say, this is not the best way to
treat cats.
desire/suggestion
I'd like/prefer to make a brief review of...
I want (you) to make a brief
review of...
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МОДА ЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ
C УСЛОВНЫМ НАКЛОНЕНИЕМ
Functions
Indirect
Direct
enquiry/offer
I wonder if you might be
interested in...?
I wonder if you are
interested in...?
advice formulae
If I were you I'd join up
with
this firm.
You should join up with this
firm.
suggestion/advice
It would be better if he went Let him/He should go there
alone.
there alone.
order/instruction
If you would stand over
there?
order/refusing
I'd rather you didn't refer to Don't refer to those data.
those data.
permission
I wish you wouldn't disclose You mustn't /shouldn't do
that...
those facts
Will you stand over there?
СТРАТЕГИИ НАМЁКА
Тактика регуляции
значимости
высказывания
Техника
минимизации
Техника
снижения
определенности
Тактика использования
отрицания как намека
Техника
прямого
отрицания
Техника
скрытого и
двойного
отрицания
ТЕХНИКА МИНИМИЗАЦИИ
Functions
criticizing
request
excuse
apology
attitude
Understatement
The room is a little / a bit
overcrowded.
Could I make a very brief
announcement?
Just a minute. I'll be back
in a moment.
It was just a slip of the
tongue.
The news somewhat
shocked me.
Statement
The room is
overcrowded.
Can I make an
announcement?
Wait a little. I'll be
back soon.
It was a slip of the
tongue.
The news shocked
me.
ТЕХНИКА СНИЖЕНИЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТИ
Functions
Understatement
Statement
apology
I've got a kind of an apology
to make.
I want to apologize.
giving
explanations
There's a sort of
misunderstanding.
There is a misunderstanding.
It was more or less out of
place.
It was out of place.
We tend to overlook the
importance of tests.
We often overlook it.
I am inclined to feel that it is
important.
I feel that it is important.
I sort of think it could be
better if you quit.
It could be better if you...
Expressing
(negative)
opinions
ТЕХНИКА ПРЯМОГО ОТРИЦАНИЯ
Functions
Understatement
Statement
attitude
I'm not pleased with his manners. (= I'm definitely disgusted)
greeting
How are you? — Not so well,
thank you.
I'm not well (= I am ill)
dislike
I'm not particularly keen on TV.
I'm not keen on TV (= I
hate TV)
disagreeing
It is not quite that easy; you see...
It is not easy (= It is very
difficult)
disagreeing
I don't think I could quite agree
with
I think I can't fully agree
(= I disagree)
offer
I don't suppose you'll accept my
offer.
I suppose you'll not accept
it (I hope you will)
statement
He didn't tell me anything about
it.
He told me nothing about
it.
ТЕХНИКА СКРЫТОГО И ДВОЙНОГО
ОТРИЦАНИЯ
Functions
statement
statement
criticising
criticising
statement
opinion
Understatement
He's got little idea how
engines work.
I hardly ever speak in
public.
He lacks courage to give
it up.
His plan is not devoid of
drawbacks.
It is not impossible.
He's not without
pretensions.
Statement
He's got no idea how
engines work.
I never speak in public.
He doesn't have courage
to give it up.
His plan is full of
drawbacks.
It is possible.
He has (many)
pretensions.
СТРАТЕГИЯ УКЛОНЕНИЯ
(СМЯГЧЕНИЯ)
Тактика уклонения от
ответственности
Техника
представления
суждения как
личного
мнения
Техника
представления
суждения как
обобщения
Тактика смягчения
посредством вопросов
Техника
смягчения
прямых
побудительных
высказываний
Техника
смягчения
вопросительных
высказываний
ТЕХНИКА ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ СУЖДЕНИЯ
КАК ЛИЧНОГО МНЕНИЯ
Functions
Direct
opinion
In my opinion it would be better to
postpone the meeting.
attitude
As far as I know to find the right
decision is not that simple.
remembering
If Г m not mistaken, the matter was
highlighted in Issues #2
explaining
I'd like to mention that it has been
discussed time and again.
opinion
/ reckon/guess she's the last person to
ask for compassion.
opinion
Personally, I (don't) feel you're making
the best choice.
Indirect
It is… (without
opening phrases)
ТЕХНИКА ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ СУЖДЕНИЯ
КАК ОБОБЩЕНИЯ
Functions
Direct
Indirect
advice
It is well known that language learning
takes time.
I know it well.
prohibition
This car is parked on a double yellow
line.
You parked illegally.
order
English is spoken here.
Don't speak Russian.
attitude
They say it's not a proper way to treat
animals.
It's not a proper way to
treat animals.
complaint
It appears that our lunch is likely to be
delayed.
Our lunch is delayed.
criticism
You happen to be mistaken, he seems to
have won.
You are mistaken, he has
won.
prohibition
You are not supposed to walk your dog
here.
You shouldn't walk your
dog here.
hesitation
One can't know for sure, it depends on
many things.
I don't know for sure.
ТЕХНИКА СМЯГЧЕНИЯ ПРЯМЫХ
ПОБУДИТЕЛЬНЫХ ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЙ
Functions
Question (indirect)
Statement (direct)
advice
Why don't you speak to him
directly?
You should speak to him
directly.
invitation
Why don't you come up and have
lunch with us?
Come up and have lunch
with us.
pressing
offer
Why couldn 't we prolong our
visit?
Let us prolong our visit.
suggestion
Won't it be better (for us) to leave
at once?
We'd better leave at once.
opinion
Would it be less expensive to go by
car?
It'd be less expensive to go
by car.
order
Would you like to go on reading?
Go on reading.
invitation
Would you care to stay with us
tonight?
Stay with us tonight.
ТЕХНИКА СМЯГЧЕНИЯ
ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНЫХ ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЙ
Functions
Question (indirect)
Statement (direct)
request/offer
I don't suppose you'll find
time for it now?
Will you find time for it
now?
enquiry
I suppose you're very busy
now?
Are you (very) busy now?
request/asking
You haven't seen my cat
here, have you?
Have you seen my cat here?
for information
You don't know where Bells Do you know where Bells
is, do you?
is?
enquiry/asking
You are the new teacher,
aren 't you?
Are you the new teacher?
for agreement
You do take milk in coffee,
don't you?
Do you take milk in coffee?
order
Carry this bag for me, will
you?
Will you carry this bag for
me?
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТ УРА
Ю. Б. Кузьменкова. Стратегии речевого поведения
в англоязычной среде. – Москва: Педагогический
университет «Первое сентября», 2010 г.