Transcript CANADA-INDIA CROSS-BORDER EDUCATION AND BILL 57

CANADA-INDIA CROSS-BORDER EDUCATION
AND BILL 57:
BACKGROUND AND DIRECTIONS
Balbir S. Sahni
Professor Emeritus of Economics
Concordia University
Presented
at
Synergy 2010 Education Conference
Canada India Education Council (CIEC)
Toronto, September 23, 2010
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Outline
1. Present Status:
Ample Unrealized Potential
2. Country-Specific Strategy Critical:
Judicious Choice from Internationalization
Continuum
3. Bill 57 and Winning Conditions:
Towards Effective Partnership
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Statistical Evidence
• Worldwide distribution of international student
mobility at post-secondary level
- Distribution: Hosts and Countries of Origin
• Top 10 countries of origin of foreign students in
Canada
- Flow (2009) and Stock (Dec 1st, 2009)
• Foreign students in Canada by level of study (Dec
1st, 2009)
• Canada-India Student Mobility
- Annual Flow of Indian Students to Canada (1980-2009)
- Stocks and Flows (1999-2009)
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Preamble
• Cross-Border education in policy making everywhere
• Human resource and commercial dimensions (WTO
guidelines) engaging education sectors (inclusive of science
and technology)
• IIE and UNESCO sustaining statistical monitoring,
exhibiting changes and potentials
• Canadian and Indian educational institutions and policy
makers proactive, cumulating in the Higher Education MOU
(June 2010)
• Foreign Educational Institutions Bill to be debated in the
Parliament in India (Nov. 2010)
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1. Present Status:
Ample Unrealized Potential
• India’s ongoing attempts: Kothari Commission (1966),
National Education Policies (1986, 2009), Right to
Education Act (2009), current Eleventh Five Years Plan
(2007-2012), and Bill 57
• Of the present commitment at 5% of GDP for education,
India spent merely 0.37% on higher education
domestically and students going aboard $13 billion
annually. Hence, major targets to strengthen educational
infrastructure domestically, with efforts to welcome foreign
educational institutions’ role in attaining enhanced
accessibility to quality post-secondary education
• Canadian stakeholders forthcoming to explore and
participate
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Figure 1
Worldwide Distribution of International Student
Mobility at Post secondary Level
[3 million students]
(a) Distribution: Host Countries
(b) Distribution: Countries of Origin
China 15%
India 5%
Remaining 136
countries 54%
South Korea
4%
Germany 3%
Japan 2%
France 2%
U.S.A. 2%
Malaysia 2%
Canada 2%
Russian 2%
Six other
countries* 3040k range 7%
*[Morocco, Turkey, Poland, Uzbekistan, Hong Kong SAR of China]
(IIE Open Doors Report 2009)
(UNESCO Global Education Digest 2009) 6
1.1 Global Cross-Border Student Mobility
• Important to view Canada-India cross-border mobility,
initially in the global context (in terms of distribution by
hosts and countries of origin, Figure 1).
1.2 Bill 57 and Canada-India Partnership
• Well-known ‘push and pull’ factors are at work in crossborder education flows internationally and obviously
influencing Canada-India flows… displayed in next three
pages:
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Figure 2
Top 10 Countries of Origin of
Foreign Students in Canada
Flow
Stock
Flow of All Foreign Students into Canada for
2009 (Total: 85,131)
China,
16,369,
19%
Rest of the
w orld,
26,741,
32%
Korea
(South),
11,045,
13%
Brazil,
1,734, 2%
India ,
5,716, 7%
Germany,
2,330, 3%
Mexico ,
2,758, 3%
Japan ,
3,316, 4%
France ,
5,316, 6%
U.S.A,
4,514, 5%
Saudi
Arabia,
5,292, 6%
Foreign Student Presented in Canada on
Dec 1st, 2009 (Tota: 196,227*)
China ,
49,909,
25%
Rest of the
w orld,
63,598,
33%
Korea
(South),
25,882,
13%
Taiw an,
3,701, 2%
Mexico ,
4,071, 2%
Hong Kong,
4,095, 2%
Japan ,
6,104, 3%
U.S.A,
11,255, 6%
Saudi
Arabia,
8,750, 4%
India ,
9,575, 5%
France ,
9,287, 5%
Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada
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Table 1
Foreign Students Present in Canada on Dec
1st, 2009 by Level of Study
Level of Study
2009
Secondary or less
34,445
17.55%
Trade
19,239
9.80%
106,816
54.43%
27,809
14.17%
7,467
3.81%
451
0.23%
196,227
100.00%
University
Other post-secondary
Other
Level of Study not stated
Total
Percentage
Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada
Preliminary 2009 Data
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Figure 3
Annual Flow of Indian Students to
Canada (1980-2009)
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
20
08
20
06
20
04
20
02
20
00
19
98
19
96
19
94
19
92
19
90
19
88
19
86
19
84
19
82
19
80
0
Source: Entries of students with Indian Citizenship
Secured from CIC communication dated Sept. 17, 2010
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Figure 4
Canada-India Student Mobility
Stock and Flows (1999-2009)
12,000
7000
6000
10,000
Stock
Flow
5000
8,000
4000
6,000
3000
4,000
2000
2,000
1000
0
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada
Facts and Figures 2008 and Preliminary 2009 Data
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2. Country-Specific Strategy Critical
Judicious Choice from Internationalization Continuum
• The statistical evidence (Figure 2, 3, 4 and Table 1) yields the following
inferences:
- By the end of 2009 there have been encouraging developments, in
that India ranks 3rd (after China and South Korea) in terms of annual
flow and 4th (after China, Korea and U.S.A) in terms of the stock
- When viewed the distribution of all international students in Canada by
level of study, there are potentials to be realized for students from India
at all levels of study, perhaps with increased efforts aimed at attracting
entry into the universities and other post-secondary levels, besides
recent attempts at other levels
- The levels of entry since 1999 and more so since 2005 have been
sustained with further potentials to be explored and attained through a
judicious choice of avenues within the internationalization continuum,
and not necessarily exclusively relying on opening branch campuses
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• Among others, the following could form elements of
strategic Canada-India engagement:
- Enhanced Interactions in Graduate Studies with Joint/ ‘Cotutelle
Option
- Bilateral-Twinning of Canadian and Indian Institutions
- Broader-Twinning Consortium to Impart Canadian Type Education
- Academia-Industry Linkages
- Explore Collaboration in Vocational Education and Training
- Relevance of Two PPPs (Public-Private-Partnership and
Purchasing Power Parity)
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3. Bill 57 and Winning Conditions:
Towards Effective Partnership
• Succinctly stated, Bill 57 is a welcome development
aimed at fostering cross-border education with the
following goals:
(i) targeting minimization of gaps in the present education
infrastructure in India;
(ii) realizing effective quality based educational
partnership within an open and liberalized regime;
(iii) weeding out inappropriate and largely commercial
endeavors by foreign educational providers.
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• To facilitate accomplishment of mutually
reinforcing targets, both Canada and India
should welcome, among others, the following
winning conditions:
- Two-way Flow of Students/Scholars Ultimate Objective
- Effective Harmonization of National Strategy
- Bilateral Funding of a Canada-India Knowledge Initiative
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Conclusion
• Expected developments towards the enactment of the
Bill, (perhaps with some modifications) should be viewed
as a necessary process.
• The major stakeholders in Canada should continue to
strive, as the policy makers and institutions of higher
education in India are exhibiting openness and welcome
to foreign education providers.
• It is imperative to utilize the opportunity and sustain the
momentum, during the time gap evident in the passage
of the legislation and effective implementation of
partnerships
• I remain optimistic that mutually rewarding partnerships
will forge ahead!
Thank You!
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