Transcript Theory Construction - University of Central Florida

Integration of
Theory and Practice
Kevin Brown, Ph.D.
Field Instructor Training
UCF School of Social Work
2015
Session Objectives
By the end of this session, participants will be able to:
• Describe the role of theory in social work practice
• Describe the importance of integrating theory and practice
in social work field education.
• Identify activities that can be used to promote students’
understanding of social work theories and how they can be
applied in the field setting.
The Field Practicum
The Heart of
Social Work
Education
Field education as the
“Signature Pedagogy”
“Field
education is where it all
comes together”
(Marion Bogo, 2013)
Field education as the
“Signature Pedagogy”
Field is where:
• Students are socialized into the profession
Knowledge
Skills
Values
• Practice competence is evaluated
Bogo (2013)
CSWE Educational Policy and
Accreditation Standards
Educational Policy 2.3:
“In social work, the signature pedagogy is field education.
The intent of field education is to connect the theoretical
and conceptual contribution of the classroom with the
practical world of the practice setting.”
(CSWE, 2008)
http://www.cswe.org/File.aspx?id=13780
Accreditation Standard 2.1.1
“The program discusses how its field
education program …
• 2.1.1 Connects the theoretical and
conceptual contribution of the classroom
with the practice setting, fostering the
implementation of evidence-informed
practice .”
http://www.cswe.org/File.aspx?id=13780
(CSWE, 2008)
Elements of Evidence-Based
Practice
Clinical
Experience
Research
Evidence
Decision
Client
Values &
Preferences
The Evidence-based
Social Work Practice
• Ask specific questions that are of practical
value to clients
• Search for the current best evidence
• Honor the values and concerns of the client
• Apply your professional skill and
common sense
based on Gibbs (2003).
Theory
Explanatory Theory:
Seeks the answer, “Why?”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5O11_Ma20Rk
What is a theory?
What is a theory?
A theory is a set of interrelated constructs
(concepts), definitions, and propositions
that presents a systematic view of
phenomena by specifying relations among
variables, with the purpose of explaining
and predicting the phenomena.
Fred Kerlinger
“Theorizing”
“the process of systematically
formulating and organizing ideas to
understand a particular phenomenon.”
(Doherty, Boss, LaRossa, Schumm, & Steinmetz, 1993, p. 20)
Conceptual models
• Act as guides for assessment
• Focus attention on certain concepts
& their relationships
within a specific context
Social Science Models
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Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Cognitive
Crisis /Family Stress-Resilience
Humanist
Ecological
Radical/ Critical
Concept
“Concepts are abstractions representing
logical descriptions of reality that a
discipline develops to describe the
phenomena with which it is dealing”
Francis Turner, 1996, p. 2-3
Functions of theory in clinical
practice
 Can help explain and predict phenomena
 Brings order to our practice
 Helps answer questions relevant to clinical
practice
 Helps practitioners recognize patterns and
relationships that guide decision-making.
 Brings order to complexity
Functions of theory in clinical
practice
 Serves as a foundation for the treatment planning and
discharge process.
 Aids in anticipating outcomes
 “Helps us to carry knowledge from one situation to the
next”
 Allows for our approach to be tested and evaluated
 Helps us to identify gaps in knowledge
(Turner, 2011, p.9-10)
Arnold Lazarus: The BASIC ID
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Behavior
Affect
Sensation
Imagery
Cognition
Interpersonal
Drugs & Biology
Social Science Models
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Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Cognitive
Crisis /Family Stress-Resilience
Humanist
Ecological
Radical/ Critical
Theory
The theory helps the student to
• Focus
• Map the situation
• Develop direction
Types of Theory
• Explanatory Theory
Answers the question, “Why?”
• Intervention Theory
Answers the question,
“What can we do to bring about change?”
Generalist Practice
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Psychosocial Casework
Crisis Intervention
Strengths Perspective
Motivational Interviewing
Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change
Case Management/Task-Centered
Casework
Intervention Approaches
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Psychodynamic
Adlerian
Interpersonal Therapy
Humanistic
Gestalt
Intervention Approaches
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Behavior Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
Cognitive Behavioral/ REBT
Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Intervention Approaches
• Solution Focused Therapy
• Collaborative Therapy
• Narrative Therapy
Family-Centered Intervention
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Family Systems Therapy
Structural Family Therapy
Strategic Family Therapy
Experiential Family Therapy
Narrative Family Therapy
Solution-Focused Family Therapy
Collaborative Family Therapy
Social Theory
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Ecological Systems (Life Model)
Symbolic Interactionism
Role Theory
Conflict Theory
Feminist Theory
Structural Functionalism
Rational Choice Theory
Interest Group Theory
Differential Association
Good Theory
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Gives order to complexity
Organizes and gives meaning to the facts
Testable
Parsimonious
Broad in Scope
Generates creativity
Guides action
Case Conceptualization
• Aaron Beck describes how theory assists
the therapist to develop an approach to
intervention :
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJ2J9um-nMA
• Beck Institute: https://www.beckinstitute.org
Case Conceptualization
• Organizes and gives meaning to the facts
• Explains adaptive behavior as well as
sources of challenge or distress.
• Provides a hypothesis of what might happen
in the future.
• Video:
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=case+conceptualization+video&FORM=VIRE2#view=detail
&mid=D1BCDE042B3B5B5C78AAD1BCDE042B3B5B5C78AA
Theories to guide
social work practice
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Behavioral
Cognitive
Empowerment Approach
Psychoanalytic Theory
Psychosocial Theory
Role Theory
Task Centered Social Work
Problem-Solving Theory
Activities for Students
Class assignments
Brief summary
of a theory or model
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Main authors
History and application
Assumptions
Define Key Concepts
Approach to Assessment & Intervention
Empirical Evidence
Critical Thinking
• How well does the author define the terms?
• How adequate were the cited research
studies?
• How reliable is the information?
• Have conflicting interpretations been cited?
• How have value preferences been
represented in the presentation?
Activities in Field
Integrating Theory and Practice
How can you help students to
make the connection?
Making the Connection
Reflection Assignments
• Describe the relevance of the concept or
theory to the case
• Reflect on how the case progressed
(What happened before, during & after?)
• Explore the Context and Cultural factors
• Connection with course content
Making the connection
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Journaling
Portfolio
“Brown bag” discussions regarding articles
Case conferences
Supervision sessions
Assignments: Theory chart
Case conceptualization/formulation
Information for Practice
The NYU School of Social Work
hosts a website that is constantly updated
with a wide range of articles, videos, and
systematic reviews:
http://ifp.nyu.edu/
st
21
Century trends
1. Theoretical Integration
(“Common factors”)
2. Case Conceptualization
3. Transdiagnostic treatment
4. Empirically validated assessment
instruments
5. Emphasis on ongoing evaluation
(time series)
st
21
Century Trends
6. Increased use of technology:
Computer assisted assessments,
Hand held devices/Monitors/
Electronic diaries
Brief screening instruments.
7. Holistic approaches
8. Evidence informed practice
Trull, Mitchell, & Prinstein (2013)
Information for Practice
The NYU School of Social Work
hosts a website that is constantly updated
with a wide range of articles, videos, and
systematic reviews:
http://ifp.nyu.edu/
EBP Steps:
1. Ask the clinical question
2. Collect the most relevant & best evidence
3. Critically appraise the evidence
4. Select the best intervention appropriate for your
specific client
Steps in Evidence-Based Practice
Step 1
Ask
Question
Step 6
Monitor &
Evaluate
Step 2
Search
Evidence
Based
Practice
Step 5
Implement
Intervention
Step 3
Appraise
Step 4
Select
Intervention
Evidence Based
Social Work Practice
• Evidence based practitioners adopt a
process of life-long learning
• Placing the client’s benefits first
• Continually posing specific questions
that are of practical importance to clients
(Leonard E. Gibbs, 2003)
Evidence-based practice
• Searching objectively and efficiently for the
current best evidence relative to each
question, and
• Taking appropriate action guided by
evidence
Leonard E. Gibbs, 2003
Steps in Evidence-Based Practice
Step 1
Ask
Question
Step 6
Monitor &
Evaluate
Step 2
Search
Evidence
Based
Practice
Step 5
Implement
Intervention
Step 3
Appraise
Step 4
Select
Intervention
References
Bogo, M. (2013). Achieving competence in social work
through field education. Toronto: University of Toronto
Press.
Cody, N. & Lehmann, P. (Eds.) (2008). Theoretical
perspectives for direct social work practice. (2nd ed.).
New York, NY: Springer.
Roberts, A. R. (Ed.). (2009). Social workers’ desk reference.
(2nd ed.) New York, NY: Oxford.
Turner, F.J. (2011). Social work treatment: Interlocking
theoretical approaches. New York, NY: Oxford
University Press.
Today’s Session
You are able to:
• Describe the role of theory in social work practice
• Describe the importance of integrating theory and practice
in social work field education.
• Identify activities that can be used to promote students’
understanding of social work theories and how they can be
applied in the field setting.