Transcript Slide 1
Why study Covenant?
Definitions
1. covenant = beriyth – used 298 X in OT
= a compact (made by
passing between pieces of
flesh); a treaty, a pledge
How? 1. Examine all the various
= a contract accompanied by
covenants between God & man
signs, sacrifices & a solemn
and man & man
oath which sealed the
2. Reach a deeper understanding
through making associations
relationship with promises
* The earthly is a pattern of the true.
of blessing for obedience &
curses for disobedience
Result: reveals what entering the New
2. made = karath = to cut (off, down or
Covenant is all about
asunder); by impl. to destroy
gives a better understanding of
or consume; spec. to covenant
what’s happening in our lives
(i.e. make an alliance or
Promise 2:
bargain; orig. by cutting flesh
Studying covenant will give you
& passing between the pieces)
▪ absolute assurance in Christ
3. diatheke – used 33 X in NT
▪ freedom from past sin/failures …
– completely unilateral
▪ power to live out our lives in Christ
= a disposition (spec.) a
▪ confidence to lean on God’s covenant
contact (esp. a devisory
promises
▪ deep gratitude to God for all He has
will); covenant, testament
done so that we will never break
= in NT, a solemn disposition,
covenant
institution or appointment
of God to men, a promise,
* Everything God does is based on
an agreement
covenant.
* Covenant is like the missing piece in the
whole picture of our so-great-aCopyright © Cecilia Perh 2004
salvation.
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Promise 1:
We will obtain a deeper grasp and
understanding of God’s Word.
Covenant
Made / Cut
1285 tyrIB. beriyth {ber-eeth'}
Meaning: 1) covenant, alliance, pledge 1a) between men 1a1)
treaty, alliance, league (man to man) 1a2) constitution,
ordinance (monarch to subjects) 1a3) agreement, pledge (man
to man) 1a4) alliance (of friendship) 1a5) alliance (of
marriage) 1b) between God and man 1b1) alliance (of
friendship) 1b2) covenant (divine ordinance with signs or
pledges) 2) (phrases) 2a) covenant making 2b) covenant
keeping 2c) covenant violation
Origin: from 01262 (in the sense of cutting [like 1254]);
TWOT - 282a; n f
Usage: AV - covenant 264, league 17, confederacy 1,
confederate 1, confederate + 01167 1; 284
3772 tr;K' karath {kaw-rath'}
Meaning: 1) to cut, cut off, cut down, cut off a body part, cut
out, eliminate, kill, cut a covenant 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to cut off
1a1a) to cut off a body part, behead 1a2) to cut down 1a3) to
hew 1a4) to cut or make a covenant 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be cut
off 1b2) to be cut down 1b3) to be chewed 1b4) to be cut off,
fail 1c) (Pual) 1c1) to be cut off 1c2) to be cut down 1d)
(Hiphil) 1d1) to cut off 1d2) to cut off, destroy 1d3) to cut
down, destroy 1d4) to take away 1d5) to permit to perish 1e)
(Hophal) cut off
Origin: a primitive root; TWOT - 1048; v
Usage: AV - cut off 145, make 85, cut down 23, cut 9, fail 6,
destroy 4, want 3, covenanted 2, hew 2, misc 9; 288
H1285
ּברית
ber-eeth'
From H1262 (in the sense of cutting (like H1254)); a compact
(because made by passing between pieces of flesh): confederacy, [con-]feder[-ate], covenant, league.
08804 Stem - Qal (See 08851) Mood - Perfect (See 08816)
Count - 12562
H3772
ּכרת
kaw-rath'
A primitive root; to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication
to destroy or consume; specifically to covenant (that is, make
1242 diaqh,kh diatheke {dee-ath-ay'-kay}
an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh and passing
Meaning: 1) a disposition, arrangement, of any sort, which
between the pieces): - be chewed, be con- [feder-] ate,
one wishes to be valid, the last disposition which one makes of covenant, cut (down, off), destroy, fail, feller, be freed, hew
his earthly possessions after his death, a testament or will 2) a (down), make a league ([covenant]), X lose, perish, X utterly,
compact, a covenant, a testament 2a) God's covenant with
X want.
Noah, etc.
Origin: from 1303; TDNT - 2:106,157; n f
Mizpah
Usage: AV - covenant 20, testament 13; 33
4709 hP'c.mi Mitspah {mits-paw'}
G1242
Meaning: Mizpah = "watchtower" 1) a place in Gilead north
διαθήκηak
of Jabbok and location of Laban's cairn 2) a place in Gilead
dee-ath-ay'-kay
south of Jabbok; site unknown 3) a place near Mount Hermon
From G1303; properly a disposition, that is, (specifically) a
4) an old sacred place in Benjamin
contract (especially a devisory will): - covenant, testament.
Origin: from 04708;; n pr f loc
Usage: AV - Mizpah 18, Mizpeh 14; 32
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Covenants between God and Covenants between Man
Man
and Man
1. Noahic Covenant (Gen 6-8)
Who: God + Noah
Why:
1. judgment
2. to keep Noah + family +
animals alive
What:
2. Abrahamic Covenant (Gen
12,15,17)
Who: God and Abraham
What:
confirmed to Isaac
(Gen 26:23-25)
confirmed to Jacob
(Gen 28:10-22)
3. Mosaic Covenant (Ex 24:1-11)
Who: God and Israel
What:
Genesis 21:22-34
Who: Abraham +
Abimelech
What:
The New Covenant
(Mt 26:20-29)
Who: Jesus + disciples
What:
Luke 22:17-20
Genesis 26:26-31
Who: Isaac + Abimelech
What:
Isaiah 42:5-9
Genesis 31:44-55
Who: Jacob + Laban
What:
Isaiah 49:5-9
Malachi 3:1-2
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Noahic Covenant (Genesis 6-8)
Genesis 6: The Setting
1. Overview
v1-4
The Multiplication of Men
v5
The Wickedness of Man
v6-7
The Grief of Man
v8-10
The Man who Pleases God
v11-12 The Corruption of the Earth
v13
The Judgment of the Earth
v14-16 The Instructions for the Ark
v17
The Reason for the Ark
v18-21 The Covenant to be Established
v22
The Obedience of Noah
2. The Pronouncement of Judgment
Gen 6:3 120 years before
Noah = 480 yr old
Gen 6:10 (5:32) Born to him: Shem, Ham
+ Japheth 20 years later
Noah = 500 yrs old
Genesis 7 – The Universal Flood
1. Overview
Gen 7:1-9 The Preparations before the Flood
Gen 7:10-16 The Entrance into the Ark
Gen 7:17-24 The Destruction of the Earth
2. Review of Events
Noah was 600 years old when he entered the
Ark (Gen 6:6).
600.2.10 v4 after 7 more days & I will send
rain cf Gen 2:5-6
600.2.17 v11 600th year of Noah’s life
2nd month, 17th day
600.3.27 Flood came (v11-12, 17-24)
v12 40 days and 40 nights
v19-20 all high mountain covered
v21-23 all flesh on the earth perish
600.8.27 Water prevailed upon the earth 150
days (Gen 7:24)
Who:
God – initiator
the LORD closed the door (v16)
Noah + his descendants (6:18; 8:9,11;9:12,14) Methuselah = when he dies, it shall come
+ every beast of the earth (8:10;9:12-17)
(Gen 5:21-27)
= 969 years – oldest man in the
Bible
from Adam to Methuselah = 1656 years
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Genesis 8 – God and Noah
1. Overview
Gen 8:1-19 God Remembers Noah
Gen 8:20 Noah Remembers God
Gen 8:21-22 God’s Covenant with Noah
2. Review of Events
v1 wind came, water subsided (Psa 104:6-9)
v4 7th month, 17th day, Ark rested upon the
mountains of Ararat
600.7.17
th
st
v5 10 month, 1 day, tops of the mountains
became visible
600.10.1
v6 40 days later, raven sent and it flew here
and there
600.11.11
v7-9 dove sent, dove returned
600.11.18
v10-11 dove sent 7 days later and dove
returned with an olive leaf
600.11.25
v12 dove sent 7 days later, dove did
not return
600.12.2
st
st
st
v13 601 year, 1 month, 1 day, the water
was dried up
601.1.1
nd
th
v14 2 month, 27 day, earth was dry
601.2.27
v15-19 exodus from the Ark
Stay in Ark
370 days = 1yr 10 days
v21 “I will never again curse the ground
on account of man”
“I will never again destroy every living
thing, as I have done”
(s. 2 Pet 3:7, 10, 12)
v22 Cycle of Seasons established
Gen 9 – The Post Flood World
Overview
Gen 9:1 New Blessings for New Life on New
Planet
Gen 9:2 New Relationship to Animals
Gen 9:3 New Provision for Man
Gen 9:4-7 New Legislation Given
Gen 9:8-17 New Covenant Established
* Sign of the Covenant = Rainbow (v12-17)
Gen 9:18-29 New Life in the Post Flood
World
Fermentation of Grapes (v21)
Curse on Canaan (v33)
Blessings of Japheth and Shem
Noah lived 350 years after the Flood
(950 years old)
1656+350 = 2006 years after Creation
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The Abrahamic Covenant
I. Preparation of Abram (Gen 12-14)
A. Abram’s First Call (Ac 7:2-4) – from Ur
B. Abram’s Second Call (Gen 12:1-3)
– from Haran
C. Abram in Canaan (Gen 12-14)
– 75 years old
to Egypt because of famine (Gen 12:10-20)
to Oak of Moreh (Gen 13:4; 12:6); back in
Canaan
separation from Lot (Gen 13:5-13)
God’s promise to Abram (Gen 13:14-18)
Battle of the Kings (Gen 14)
- Lot captured (Gen 14:1-2)
- Lot rescued (Gen 14:13-16)
- Melchizedek blesses Abram
(Gen 14:17-24)
III. The Sign of the Covenant (Gen 17)
A. Abram’s name was changed (Gen 17:1-8)
– 99 years old
II. The Covenant Cut (Gen 15-16)
God promises Abram (Gen 15:1-7)
an heir of from his own body (Gen 15:4)
an innumerable number of descendants
(Gen 15:5)
* Abram becomes a believer (Gen 15:6)
the land of Canaan (Gen 15:7, 18-21)
hwh
y
H
~ Wh'Hr'Y b.
a;h r'
f'
God confirms the covenant with Abram
(Gen 15:8-17)
B. The Sign of Circumcision given
(Gen 17:9-14)
* penalty of breaking covenant = death
(Gen 17:14)
C. Sarai’s name changed (Gen 17:15a)
D. The covenant to be established with Isaac
NOT Ishmael (Gen 17:15b-21)
* Ishmael was 13 years old
E. Abraham circumcised his household
(Gen 17:22-27)
~ r' b.
y a;
r; f'
The Birth of Ishmael (Gen 16) – 86 years old
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Terms of the Abrahamic Covenant (Gen 12-17)
Gen 12:2 I will make you a great nation
I will bless you
& make your name great
You shall be a blessing
Gen 12:3 I will bless those who bless you &
the one who curses you I will curse
in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed
Gen 15:4 a son from his own body
Gen 15:5 innumerable descendants
Gen 15:18-21the land from the river of Egypt
as far as the river Euphrates
Gen 17:2 I will multiply you exceedingly
Gen 17:4,5 I will make you the father of a multitude of nations
Gen 17:6 I will make you exceedingly fruitful
I will make nations of you,
& kings shall come forth from you
Gen 17:7 I will be God to you & your descendants
for an everlasting covenant
Gen 17:8 I will give to you &your descendants after you,
all the land of Canaan,
for an everlasting possession
God promises to be his God (17:7-8)
God promises a seed (12:3; 15:4-5; 17:2, 4-6)
God promises a land (15:7, 18-21; 17:8)
God promises a great blessing (12:3)
Abraham’s part: to keep God’s covenant (17:9-10)
to walk before him (17:1)
& be blameless (17:1)
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Abrahamic Covenant
confirmed to:
A. Isaac (Gen 26:23-25)
altar built (v25)
God’s presence (v24)
God’s blessing (v24)
multiplied descendants (v24)
The Mosaic Covenant
(Ex 24:1-11)
Who: God & Israel
What:
1. people vow to obey (v3, 7)
all the words of the Lord (v3, 7)
2. altar built at foot of mountain
+ 12 pillars for 12 tribes of Israel set up (v4)
3. burnt offerings + peace offerings offered (v5)
4. blood sprinkled on the altar (v4)
& on the people (v8)
5. book of covenant read to the people
6. covenant meal eaten in God’s presence (v9-11)
Yet He did not stretch out His hand against them.
B. Jacob (Gen 28:10-22)
pillar set up (v22)
the land given (v13)
multiplied descendants (v13-14)
a blessing to all the families of the
earth (v14)
God’s presence (v15)
God’s protection (v15)
Ex 34:27-28
God’s promise to bring him back to Moses with the Lord 40 days + 40 nights
Canaan (v15)
wrote on the tablets the words of the cov,
Jacob’s oath:
the 10 commandments
in return for protection, provision &
return then
1. the LORD will be my God (v21)
2. this pillar will be God’s house
(Bethel) (v22)
3 tenth of all to be given (v22)
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The New Covenant
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Mt 26:20-29 Institution of the Lord’s Supper
Isaiah 49:5-9
Who: Jesus + His disciples
Jesus = God’s servant (v5-6)
When: the night of His betrayal, Passover
= a Light to the nations (v6)
What: the covenant meal eaten
= the despised One (v7)
* this is My body – eat (v26; Lk 22:19)
= the One abhorred by the nations
* this cup is My blood of the covenant
(v7)
(v23)
= the Servant of rulers (v7)
is the new covenant in My blood
= a covenant of the people (v8)
(Lk 22:20)
His commission:
v5 to bring Jacob + Israel back to God
Isaiah 42:5-9
v6 to raise up the tribes of Jacob
Jesus appointed as:
to restore the preserved ones of Israel
v6 a covenant to the people
to take God’s salvation to the
a light to the nations
end of the earth
v8 to restore the land
His commission:
to make them inherit the desolate
v7 to open blind eyes
heritages
to bring out prisoners from the dungeon
Malachi 3:1-2
Jesus = the Lord whom you seek (v1)
1st
= the messenger of the covenant
Coming
in whom you delight (v1)
2nd
= like a refiner’s fire, like fuller’s
soap (v2)
Coming
None can endure; None can stand
Abraham and Abimelech
(Gen 21:22-34)
Initiator: Abimelech
Basis: fear
What:
v22 God is with you in all that
you do
v23-24 oath taken
v23 swear to me by God
that you will not deal falsely
with me, my offspring or
my posterity
but according to the kindness
that I have shown you,
you shall show to me, &
to the land you sojourn
v25-26 oath worthless
v27-32 Covenant Made
sheep + oxen given to
Abimelech (v27)
7 ewe lambs as a witness
that Abraham dug this well
(v28-30)
oath taken (v31)
v33 tree planted
v33 Abraham calls on the
name of the Lord,
El Olam
Isaac + Abimelech
(Gen 26:26-31)
90 years later
Initiator: Abimelech
Basis: fear
v28 we see plainly that the
Lord has been with you
Terms of Covenant
v29 you will do us no harm,
just as
we have not touched you
+ have done nothing
but good
+ have sent you away
in peace
What:
v30 feast given
v31 exchange of oaths
v1-6 famine, Isaac to Gerar
v7-11 Isaac lies about
Rebekah
v12-17 Isaac prosperity
arouses Philistines’
envy - told to depart
v18-23 quarrels over the
wells
v24-25 to Beersheba / God
appears; altar built,
well dug
Jacob + Laban
(Gen 31:44-55)
v1-21 Jacob flees from Laban
v22-43 Laban pursues Jacob
v24 God in dream to Laban
“Be careful that you do not
speak to Jacob either good or
bad.” (v29)
- why did you steal my gods?
(v30) not found (v35)
v43-55 The Covenant Cut
stone pillar (v45,51,52)
heap of stones (v46-49,
51-54)
= Jegar-sahadutha
(Aramaic)
= Galeed.(Hebrew)
= Mizpah (v49)
Terms:
1. don’t mistreat my
daughters (v50)
2. no other wives (Gen 31:50)
3. no passing over to harm
each other (v52)
oath taken (v52)
sacrifice offered (v54)
meal eaten (v54)
Copyright © Cecilia Perh 2002
0
100
130
0
Creation 130
200
105
235
300
90
325
400
70
395
BC
2165 - Abram born
2090 - Abram reaches Canaan
2089 - To Egypt because of famine
2066 - Sodom and Gomorrah destroyed
2065 - Isaac born
2028 - Sarah dies
65
460
500
Adam
600
Seth
700
930
912
800
900
1000
930
1100
1042
1140
Enosh
905
Kenan
910
Mahalalel
895
162
Jared
962
65
Enoch
365
987
622
187
Methuselah
687
182
Lamech
874
Noah
1056
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
Pre-Flood Post-Flood
Kenan 1235
1290
Jared
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1422
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Methuselah
969
1656
Lamech
777
1651 Noah
500
950
2006
100
600
Shem 1556
2156
438
Arpachshad 1656 35
2094
433
Shelah
1691 30 34
2124
464
Eber 1721
2185
2025 - Isaac marries Rebekah
239
Peleg 1755 30 32
1994
2095 - Esau and Jacob born
239
Reu 1785 30
2024
1990 - Abraham dies
230
Serug 1817
2047
1928 - Jacob flees to Haran
Nahor 1847 30 70 148 1995
1921 - Reuben born
205 2081
Terah
1876
1914 - Joseph born
100
175
Abraham
2125
1946
1897 - Joseph sold into slavery
60
180 2226
Isaac
2046
1885 - Isaac dies
91
147 2253
Jacob 2106
1875 - Jacob and family enter into Egypt
110
Joseph 2197
2307
1858 - Jacob dies
1804 - Joseph dies
1703 - A new king arose (Ex 1:8; Hyksos control Egypt)
1700 - Intense bondage
1525 - Moses born
1570 - Hyksos rulers deposed
1485 - Moses in exile in Midian
Egypt's New Kingdom (18th Dynasty)
1445 - EXODUS FROM EGYPT
King Amose I (Egypt's most powerful years)
1405 - Moses dies