Transcript Medium Speed Roro Passenger Catamarans a market opportunity

Medium Speed Roro
Passenger Catamarans
- a market alternative
& Sea Transport
•Ports Conference Aug 2002
Introduction
The world market of ropax ferries is divided
into two segments:the conventional monohull vessels, and
the high speed vessels, predominantly
aluminium multihulls.
Is there another alternative?
Revenue Capability of Transport Modes
• What can they carry?
• an Ant - 700% of own weight
• a human - 100% of own weight
• a 747 jumbo - 30% of own weight
• HSC - 25-40% of own weight
• Conventional ropax vessels -> 20-30% of
own weight
• Passenger Cruise Vessels - 1% of own
weight
Revenue Deadweight (payload)
• Deadweight consists of
• Fuel, Ballast, Fresh water, stores etc. (all
non revenue items)
+Trucks, cars, passengers, baggage
(all
under revenue or payload items)
So the Rdwt is the portion of Deadweight that
the vessel is paid or assigned to carry
HSS 1500 40kts 1500dwt
World’s largest high speed ropax vessel
•Rdwt is 40% of lightship
Superfast 111
World’s fastest conventional ropax vessel
•Note:- Rdwt 3060T is 22% of lightship
•195mx6.4d, 4 x 10560kw serv spd 28kts
Revenue of Ropax vessels
• Trucks
• Cars
• Passengers
• On board revenue
• These should be brought to the base
revenue units - passengers
Revenue units (RU) This is
the summary of:• Trucks:pax ratio
(say20) x truck no.
• +Cars:pax ratio
(say 6) x car no.
• +On board pax rev (say0.5): pax rev
• +Passenger number
• RU = (Trucks x 20)+(carsx6)+(pax x 0.5)+pax
Daily Revenue Unit Miles
(DRUM)
• The number of revenue units achievable per day
• DRUM= RU x service speed x 24 hrs
• To assess optimum vessel in capital cost, the
DRUM should be divided by daily cap cost
•
RUP$c = DRUM
Daily Cap Cost
Daily revenue unit-milesDRUM
Amortzn/lease cost per day
(@ $600 per million per day)
267648
120096
42240
309312
119040
90240
1650
180
1800
1800
1200
1200
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenue Units per $
CAPIT AL COST (RUPDc)
162.21
667.20
23.47 171.84
99.20
75.20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% deviation from mean
-19
234
-88
-14
-50
-62
De a dwe ight Che ck
Trucks at
25 Tonnes
Cars at
1.2 "
Pax at
0.08 "
67
29
16
67
24
12
0
12
8
67
36
16
0
46
16
0
19
16
111
140
29
103
150
47
20
60
40
119
150
31
62
180
118
35
203
167
Revenue deadweight required
Revenue deadweight available
de a dwe ight sta tus
(- v e n o t p o s s i b l e ! ! )
Capital Cost Comparison
800
250
700
200
600
150
500
100
400
50
300
0
200
-50
100
-100
0
-150
Sea Spirit
HK Ferry
Landing
Sealink
Vessels
Revenue Units per $
Whangere
Tina
% deviation from mean
•Notes:- the cheapest is always the best on Capital
the landing craft fares the worst
Capital Cos t Efficie ncy
as % of m e an
Re v Units pe r $ Capital
RUPDc
Figure 6.4.a
To assess the best in terms of
Operating cost
• Divide the RUM by the total operating
cost (including capex)
• RUP$o = RUM
Oper Cost
• Then tabulate all vessels considered in
terms of RUP$c and RUP$o
Voyage(s) T otal Distance
Steaming T ime in Days
Port T ime (30%) 30 %
T o ta l T ime
--OP E R AT IN G COS T S -Port Costs (Berths/Pilots/Dues)
Agents
Crew & Supt T ravel
Crew Costs
R & M (Age Factored)
Fuel Incl LO and Port time
Victuals Crew
Stores(deck,e.r,catering)
Navigation & LSA
Pax Victuals
Sundries
---F IXE D COS T S --Amortisation / Charter
Administration
Insurance
Sundries 100/day
----T OT AL COS T ----VOYAGE REVENUE
SUB T OT AL
On board Pax rev @ $5/d (net)
NET COST S
R e ve nue U nits P e r $
o p e ra ting co st ( R U P D o )
% d e via tio n fro m me a n
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
3.43
0.34
3.77
6.48
0.65
7.13
7.29
2.19
9.48
3.24
0.32
3.56
7.29
2.19
9.48
6.21
1.86
8.07
6
1
6.92
500
0
200
226
284
10922
190
944
1000
0
1000
500
0
200
428
1172
15031
359
1782
1000
0
1000
500
0
200
569
779
10828
478
2370
1000
0
1000
500
0
200
214
293
11249
180
891
1000
0
1000
500
0
200
569
519
12928
478
2370
1000
0
1000
500
0
200
484
884
11003
407
2017
1000
0
1000
500
0
200
415
655
11993
349
1729
1000
0
1000
6228
3775
569
377
1283
7130
117
713
17063
9479
1558
948
6417
3565
586
356
11375
9479
1039
948
9681
8067
884
807
8674
6916
792
692
26215
30715
46771
26450
42405
36933
34915
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26215
30715
46771
26450
42405
36933
34915
3775
5347
4740
3565
9479
8067
5829
22441
25368
42032
22886
32926
28866
29086
40.93
30.68
7.33
43.80
26.36
19.40
28.08
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------46
9
-74
56
-6
-31 %
Operating Cost Comparison
50.00
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
Sea Spirit
HK Ferry
Landing
Sealink
Whangere
Op Cpos t e fficie ncy
Re v Units pe r $
Figure 6.4.d
Tina
Vessels
Revenue Units Per $
% deviation from mean
•Notes:-the best vessel is 50% ahead of the 2nd hand vsl
the landing craft is the worst in operational terms
Plot the Rdwts and service speeds
of current Ropax designs
Revenue Deadweight / Speed Graph 6
45
40
35
HSC
Speed in Knots
30
Target Void
•Lt s/structures
•No Ballast
25
20
Fast Conventional
15
•Steel S/structure
•S.W. Ballast
10
5
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Re ve nue De adw e ight in Tonne s
3500
4000
4500
STS MEDIUM SPEED
ALTERNATIVES
•Aimed at the “target Void”
•Alloy / composite superstructures
•No Ballast
•Light weight steel hull
•Hullform for good seakeeping
•Higher Rdwts as % of lightship
•Higher RUP$c and RUP$o
“M.V. Island Navigator” - 39m Roro/Pax Catamaran
•Rdwt 192 tonnes, Service speed 15 knots
•Note:-Rdwt is 96% of Lightship
“M.V. Sealink” - 41m Roro/Pax Catamaran
•Rdwt 173 tonnes, service speed 15 knots
•200 pax
max speed 18 knots
•Note:- Rdwt is 110% of lightship
•
Bow ramp can work gradient ramps
Bahamas Searoad 45m Ropax Catamaran
Rdwt 82% of lightship
Articulated Bowramp
Show Video
• For gradient boat ramps
“Sea Spirit” 37m Ropax Cat, 16.5 knots
35 cars 200 passengers
Rdwt 92% of lightship
“Sea Spirit” showing truck lanes
Magnetic Island - 35m Ropax Catamaran
35 cars 300 passengers 16 knots
Vanuatu Searoad 40m ropax Catamaran 300 pax
20 cars 17 knots service speed
45m Ropax – Bahamas Searoad
18 kts - Stern Loading
45m Ropax 45 cars (or 6 trucks
+24 cars), 300 pax 18kts
50m Ropax Catamaran 60 cars (or 6 coaches + 44
cars)600 passengers 18 knots 1.7m draft 4 x 700kW
Saipan – Tinian 40m Ropax Ferry
17 kts 350 pax 20 cars
60m Ropax Cat - Feeder
60m Ropax Cat 450 Rdwt 18kts
60m Military Landing Craft
Tank Carrier
45m Ropax – Bahamas Searoad
500 passengers, 45 cars, 18 kts
45m Ropax Cat- Bahamas
45m Ropax Cat Stern View
63m Ropax Cat - Holland
63m Ropax Cat – Stern View
60m Ropax Cat Aft Lounge
“M.V. Tropic Chieftain” - 54m Roro/Pax Catamaran
•Rdwt 350 tonnes, service speed - 15 knots
• Note - Rdwt is 84% of lightship
80m Roro/Pax Catamaran
125S Medium Speed Cat
STS design 22knots with 3300 Rdwt
•125 x 35 x 4.8draft,
•3673m2 main deck (truck axle)
•5300m2 car decks
•Note:- Rdwt is 96% of lightship
125S Midship Section
125S Port Engine Room
• -Vessel Centreline --
Frequency - the key ferry issue
Acme Ferry - Effect of Frequency on Cost
2500
$ per Voyage
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2
4
Voys per Day
6
8
Life span, Valuation & Threats
• Many high speed vessels have a limited lifespan
due to:• Rapidly changing HSC rules and regulations
• Rapidly changing efficiencies in design of
both the vessels and high performance
machinery
• Extraordinarily high R & M
• Imminent threat of fuel price hikes, raises a
sensitivity to market pain threshold
• This is causing investors and financiers to scrutinize
fast ferries closer, whereas medium speed ferries
have far less exposure to this aspect.
Summary.
• Not everyone wants to go fast,
(sometimes two medium speed vessels and better
frequency beats one fast vessel, commercially &
operationally)
• Going Fast incurs very high costs in R&M and
fuel
• Going fast restricts the operational range
• There are some medium speed alternatives for
future consideration.
Sea Transport Solutions.
Experience and Innovation at work
• Designers of Ropax Catamarans
• Contact
• Phone +44 20 7681 1505
• Fax
+44 870 131 3568
• www.catamaranferries.com